The closure of Gaza’s borders and the resulting impossibility for most residents to leave the Strip has made the question of legal pathways to protection for persons exposed to an extreme risk of harm particularly urgent. Taking as its starting point the applications submitted to the Italian Consulate in Jerusalem by Palestinian citizens residing in Gaza, this article examines whether, and to what extent, the international obligation to prevent genocide may affect administrative discretion in the issuance of visas with limited territorial validity under Article 25(1)(a) of the Visa Code. After reconstructing the approaches of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, both reluctant to recognise a supranational obligation to issue visas aimed at enabling access to asylum procedures, the article analyses Italian practice and the conflicting case law that has emerged within the Tribunal of Rome. It argues that Article 10(3) of the Italian Constitution does not guarantee a general right of entry, but must be applied taking into consideration the State’s international obligations. Where there is a serious risk of genocide and a qualified relationship between the applicant and Italy, the duty of prevention may guide and, in extreme cases, constrain administrative discretion in the assessment of humanitarian visa applications.
La chiusura quasi totale della Striscia di Gaza ha posto con urgenza il problema dei canali legali di accesso alla protezione per persone esposte a un rischio estremo. Muovendo dalle richieste presentate al Consolato italiano di Gerusalemme da cittadini palestinesi residenti a Gaza, il contributo esamina se, e in che misura, l’obbligo internazionale di prevenire il genocidio possa incidere sulla discrezionalità dell’Amministrazione nel rilascio di visti a validità territoriale limitata ex art. 25, par. 1, lett. a), del codice dei visti. Dopo aver ricostruito l’approccio della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea e della Corte europea dei diritti umani, entrambe restie a riconoscere un obbligo sovranazionale di rilascio di visti finalizzati all’accesso alla procedura di asilo, l’articolo analizza la prassi italiana e il contrasto giurisprudenziale emerso in seno al Tribunale di Roma. La tesi sostenuta è che l’art. 10, co. 3, Cost. non garantisca un diritto generalizzato all’ingresso, ma che la sua applicazione debba tenere conto degli obblighi internazionali dello Stato. In presenza di un rischio concreto di genocidio e di una relazione qualificata tra il richiedente e l’Italia, l’obbligo di prevenzione può orientare e, nei casi estremi, comprimere la discrezionalità amministrativa nell’esame delle domande di visto umanitario.
Il visto umanitario come strumento di attuazione dell’obbligo internazionale di prevenire il genocidio: il caso dei palestinesi di Gaza
Alessandra Annoni
2026
Abstract
The closure of Gaza’s borders and the resulting impossibility for most residents to leave the Strip has made the question of legal pathways to protection for persons exposed to an extreme risk of harm particularly urgent. Taking as its starting point the applications submitted to the Italian Consulate in Jerusalem by Palestinian citizens residing in Gaza, this article examines whether, and to what extent, the international obligation to prevent genocide may affect administrative discretion in the issuance of visas with limited territorial validity under Article 25(1)(a) of the Visa Code. After reconstructing the approaches of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, both reluctant to recognise a supranational obligation to issue visas aimed at enabling access to asylum procedures, the article analyses Italian practice and the conflicting case law that has emerged within the Tribunal of Rome. It argues that Article 10(3) of the Italian Constitution does not guarantee a general right of entry, but must be applied taking into consideration the State’s international obligations. Where there is a serious risk of genocide and a qualified relationship between the applicant and Italy, the duty of prevention may guide and, in extreme cases, constrain administrative discretion in the assessment of humanitarian visa applications.I documenti in SFERA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


