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A new microphysiological platform to study the permeation of neuroactive agents across intestinal and brain barriers

To replicate key physiological barriers in vitro, we utilized the CELLBLOKS® modular microphysiological system. Specifically, human cerebral microvascular endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells, human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells, and rat small intestinal IEC-6 cells were grown in CELLBLOKS® to mimic the blood-brain (BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSFB), and intestinal (IB) barriers, respectively. Eugenol is an essential oil component known to permeate the central nervous system (CNS) in vi...

Seasonal and Cross-Shore Assessment of Large and Small Microplastics Collected on the Ferrara Coast (Italy)

Microplastic (MP) contamination along coastlines is a globally recognized environmental concern. This paper investigates the seasonal and cross-shore distribution of large and small microplastics (LMPs and SMPs) at four sites along the Ferrara coast in the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). A combination of sampling and analytical approaches was employed to characterize the typology, morphology, and size of MPs. A subsample of LMPs was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to determine polymers’ composi...

Individual differences in inhibitory control may influence how endangered eels deal with river barriers during migration

The European eel is currently facing a critical risk of extinction. One of the contributing factors is that its catadromous migration is often obstructed by artificial barriers such as dams. Migrating juvenile eels display a strong rheotactic behaviour. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibitory control, the ability to suppress motivated behaviour, in this case rheotaxis, could facilitate the search for alternative routes when encountering a barrier. Using a detour test and a test in which a ...

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy...

No evidence of Fabry disease in a patient with the new p.Met70Val GLA gene variant

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by variants in GLA gene leading to deficient α-galactosidase A enzyme activity. This deficiency leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, particularly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in various tissues and organs, which can result in life-threatening complications. The clinical presentation of the disease can vary from the “classic” phenotype with pediatric onset and multi-organ involvement to the “later-o...

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