Role of Adopting Traditional Building Techniques into Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies in the Southwestern Balkans

The Balkan region, renowned for its rich and diverse built heritage, faces considerable challenges from natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and landslides. In Albania, a history of seismic activity has led to the displacement of populations as well as has affected significantly the state of conservation of cultural heritage sites. Currently, approximately 2,220 cultural assets and over 210 protected areas and archaeological sites listed in Albania's national register are deemed vulnerable to earthquakes. This vulnerability stems from factors including the age of buildings, inadequate construction practices, and insufficient maintenance. The impact of damage to cultural assets extends beyond the physical loss; it results in the loss of collective community memory. Consequently, cultural heritage has been recognized as one of the key pillars of Albanian civil defense legislation. In efforts to enhance resilience against these threats, this research posits that preserving traditional building techniques can substantially aid disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives. The paper investigates the multifaceted advantages of preserving traditional construction techniques and proposes a framework for their integration into DRR strategies. Traditional building methods, developed by local craftsmen over centuries, are inherently suited to their environmental contexts. By utilizing local materials and construction expertise, these techniques not only enhance structural stability but also help to mitigate the effects of natural disasters like earthquakes. Despite their benefits, several challenges hinder the broader adoption of traditional construction techniques. Economic pressures often prioritize modern methods, while regulatory obstacles and a lack of awareness and training further impede their integration into DRR measures. Ultimately, this study advocates for the effective incorporation of traditional building practices into disaster risk reduction strategies. By fostering research, promotion, and awareness among professionals and communities regarding these techniques, the preservation of built cultural heritage can be achieved in order to enable its transmission for future generations.