Different survival outcomes of small bowel adenocarcinomas and T-cell lymphomas associated to celiac disease

Introduction: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) and T-cell lymphoma (TCL) are rare but aggressive malignancies associated with celiac disease (CD). Methods: We retrospectively compared 43 CD-associated SBA and 43 CD-associated TCL across international referral centers. Results: CD-associated SBA showed a significantly ( P < 0.01) better survival than CD-associated TCL. TCL more frequently presented with multifocal involvement and advanced stage, whereas SBA predominantly involved the jejunum. Refractoriness to a gluten-free diet was identified in 70% of TCL but only in one SBA. Discussion: Our findings demonstrated a worse prognosis of CD-associated TCL in comparison with CD-associated SBA.