The work highlights how technological and regulatory innovation constitute the key elements in the pursuit of sustainability goals, to be understood, at once, in economic, environmental and social terms (understood, the latter, as guaranteeing access to the business and generational turnover, as well as in terms of food security). In the past – and notably in the first decades of Cap implementation – this has not always been the case, given that innovations in the agricultural sector, especially technological ones, have often been to the detriment of environmental sustainability and in favor of profiles inherent only to economic sustainability and/or aimed at pursuing food security requirements; on the contrary, in the present time the imbalance persists by registering, instead, in favor of environmental sustainability alone, which is often favored over economic sustainability and food security itself, one need only think of the Green Deal strategic documents for the agricultural sector, namely the From farm to fork and Biodiversity strategies for 2030, which identify particularly detailed objectives to be achieved by 2030, with little attention paid to the profiles of the economic sustainability of agricultural enterprises and food security. Thus, from what has happened in the past with regard to the complex relationship between agricultural activity and the needs of sustainability, there should thus be an awareness that, for the future, both the Eu and national legal frameworks must be structured in such a way as to be functional in the pursuit not of one or the other face of sustainability, but of all the profiles into which the latter is articulated, given that the latter is either triform or it is not sustainability, and that for this purpose it incorporates without preconceived hostility the new that comes from technological innovation. And in fact technological innovation is a compulsory choice if we intend to pursue at the same time the goals of climate-environmental protection, of maintaining the economic sustainability of enterprises, and of adequate food supply on a global scale. Alongside technological innovation, it is worth considering the importance of the applicable legal framework, given that in the face of what is the “new,” law can take on a preventative, regulatory, but also promotional and incentive role. Consider, as to the former, the recent introduction of domestic legislation aimed at banning the production of so-called cultured meat and, as to the latter, the recent introduction of Article 210a in Eu Reg. No. 1308/2013, on the subject of competition law, which introduced the discipline of horizontal or vertical agreements “for sustainability,” expressly establishing, for them, the non-applicability Article 101 Tfeu.
Il lavoro evidenzia come l’innovazione tecnologica e quella normativa costituiscano gli elementi chiave per il perseguimento degli obiettivi della sostenibilità, da intendersi, ad un tempo, in chiave economica, ambientale e sociale (intesa, quest’ultima, come garanzia di accesso all’attività e di ricambio generazionale, oltre che in termini di food security). In passato – e segnatamente nei primi decenni di attuazione della PAC - ciò non è sempre accaduto, posto che le innovazioni nel settore agricolo, soprattutto tecnologiche, sono andate spesso a detrimento della sostenibilità ambientale e in favore di profili inerenti la sola sostenibilità economica e/o volta al perseguimento di esigenze di food security; al contrario, nel tempo presente lo squilibrio permane registrandosi, invece, in favore della sola sostenibilità ambientale, spesso privilegiata rispetto alla sostenibilità economica e alla stessa food security, basti pensare ai documenti strategici del Green Deal per il comparto agricolo, ossia le strategie From farm to fork e sulla Biodiversità per il 2030, che individuano obiettivi particolarmente dettagliati da conseguire entro il 2030, con scarsa attenzione ai profili della sostenibilità economica delle imprese agricole e della food security. Da quanto accaduto in passato in ordine al complesso rapporto tra attività agricola e esigenze di sostenibilità dovrebbe essere, così, acquisita la consapevolezza che, per il futuro, il quadro giuridico tanto unionale quanto nazionale debbano essere strutturati in maniera tale da risultare funzionali al perseguimento non ora dell’una e ora dell’altra faccia della sostenibilità, ma di tutti i profili in cui quest’ultima si articola, posto che quest’ultima o è triforme o non è sostenibilità, e che all’uopo recepisca senza ostilità preconcette il nuovo che proviene dalla innovazione tecnologica. Ed in effetti l’innovazione tecnologica risulta una scelta obbligata se si intendono perseguire ad un tempo gli obiettivi di tutela climatico-ambientale, del mantenimento della sostenibilità economica delle imprese, e di adeguato approvvigionamento di alimenti su scala mondiale. Accanto all’innovazione tecnologica non può non rilevarsi l’importanza del quadro giuridico applicabile, posto che di fronte al “nuovo” il diritto può assumere un ruolo impeditivo, regolatorio, ma anche promozionale e incentivante. Si pensi quanto al primo, alla recente introduzione di una normativa interna volta a vietare la produzione della c.d. carne coltivata e, quanto all’ultimo, alla recente introduzione dell’art. 210-bis nel reg. UE n. 1308/2013, in tema di diritto della concorrenza, che ha introdotto la disciplina delle intese orizzontali o verticali “per la sostenibilità”, stabilendo espressamente, per esse, la non applicabilità art. 101 TFUE.
Il diritto agrario fra innovazione e sostenibilità
Luigi Russo
2023
Abstract
The work highlights how technological and regulatory innovation constitute the key elements in the pursuit of sustainability goals, to be understood, at once, in economic, environmental and social terms (understood, the latter, as guaranteeing access to the business and generational turnover, as well as in terms of food security). In the past – and notably in the first decades of Cap implementation – this has not always been the case, given that innovations in the agricultural sector, especially technological ones, have often been to the detriment of environmental sustainability and in favor of profiles inherent only to economic sustainability and/or aimed at pursuing food security requirements; on the contrary, in the present time the imbalance persists by registering, instead, in favor of environmental sustainability alone, which is often favored over economic sustainability and food security itself, one need only think of the Green Deal strategic documents for the agricultural sector, namely the From farm to fork and Biodiversity strategies for 2030, which identify particularly detailed objectives to be achieved by 2030, with little attention paid to the profiles of the economic sustainability of agricultural enterprises and food security. Thus, from what has happened in the past with regard to the complex relationship between agricultural activity and the needs of sustainability, there should thus be an awareness that, for the future, both the Eu and national legal frameworks must be structured in such a way as to be functional in the pursuit not of one or the other face of sustainability, but of all the profiles into which the latter is articulated, given that the latter is either triform or it is not sustainability, and that for this purpose it incorporates without preconceived hostility the new that comes from technological innovation. And in fact technological innovation is a compulsory choice if we intend to pursue at the same time the goals of climate-environmental protection, of maintaining the economic sustainability of enterprises, and of adequate food supply on a global scale. Alongside technological innovation, it is worth considering the importance of the applicable legal framework, given that in the face of what is the “new,” law can take on a preventative, regulatory, but also promotional and incentive role. Consider, as to the former, the recent introduction of domestic legislation aimed at banning the production of so-called cultured meat and, as to the latter, the recent introduction of Article 210a in Eu Reg. No. 1308/2013, on the subject of competition law, which introduced the discipline of horizontal or vertical agreements “for sustainability,” expressly establishing, for them, the non-applicability Article 101 Tfeu.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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