Stem cell therapy for retinal pigment epithelium disorders

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction is involved in the advancement of numerous degenerative retinal illnesses, such as age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal abnormalities. Transplantation of RPE produced from stem cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to restore retinal function and prevent vision loss. However, other obstacles impede its clinical application, including immunological rejection, cell viability, functional integration, and the necessity for consistent differentiation techniques. This review offers a thorough examination of the molecular processes regulating RPE integrity, investigates recent progress in stem cell-derived RPE therapeutics, and addresses significant challenges to their broad implementation. Furthermore, we emphasize prospective avenues intended to enhance the safety, efficacy, and enduring success of RPE transplantation in clinical environments.