The phytochemical composition and unexplored potential of Australian native plants for application in physical activity-related muscle recovery and inflammation: a literature review

Native plants are adaptable in various environmental conditions in part through the production of unique phytochemicals which may have beneficial effects on human health. Native Australian fruits contain higher phytochemical and antioxidant levels than most Western fruits, suggesting potential for greater health benefits arising from their consumption. These beneficial effects, in turn, may be mediated by the inhibition of inflammatory pathways as well as oxidative stress via the regulation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and/or nitrogen (RNS) species levels. Unaccustomed or strenuous exercise causes muscle damage and soreness, that may be driven by increased ROS and inflammation. There is growing interest in the application of polyphenol-rich food supplementation for the alleviation of exercise-induced oxidative stress, for the reduction of exercise-induced inflammation and improvement of muscle recovery. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the phytochemical and bioactive composition of some Australian native plant foods and their potential use for functional food development in the management of muscle recovery and inflammation. Native plant foods and food products could be beneficial for reducing inflammation, though it is important to note that most of the research in this field has been conducted in animal models or in vitro, in addition to there being little data on skeletal muscle inflammation. Further studies, particularly in humans, would be needed to confirm these effects and to determine the appropriate dosages and forms of native foods and food products for consumption to reduce inflammation and enhance muscle recovery.