Groundwater modeling of fractured aquifers in mines: The case study of Gavorrano (Tuscany, Italy)

In this paper, we describe the hydrogeological problems related to the closure of the mine at Gavorrano (Tuscany, Italy). The geological and geo-structural settings of the Gavorrano area affect the groundwater flow systems and their chemical composition; hence, the settings also affect the chance and modalities to rehabilitate and re-utilize these water resources. This paper reports the results of studies, analyses of existing data and the consequent implementation of preliminary numerical models with particular reference to the effects of controlled water recovery and the complex measures required for stopping dewatering. The study incorporates recent data and the available historical records in an analysis of the hydrodynamic impact of water recovery and an assessment of the consequences of water recovery for water resources restoration. The applied numerical simulations have been demonstrated to be a promising and effective tool for planning and managing the future applications of groundwater recovery in the Gavorrano mining area. Using these applications, it will be possible to implement mitigation measures and types of re-use that consider thermal, chemical and discharge features.