Deep brain stimulation and refractory freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: Improvement with high-frequency current steering co-stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and substantia Nigra

Axial and gait disorders in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are considered signs of disease progression with involvement of the extra nigrostriatal system. In PD patients treated with subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS), these symptoms may also occur from spread of the electric field outside the STN. Various approaches have been suggested to manage gait disturbances and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) DBS has recently been reported to improve resistant freezing of gait (FoG). We describe the case of a young-onset PD patient