This research focuses on residential urban systems and the contemporary transformations associated with them. This focus was born as an awareness of a continuous problematic situation, in the last thirty years, of housing and the socalled spatial typologies in the capital of Tirana. This situation is in fact inherited from a long period of urban planning and design, which was based for almost fifty years on the central social-communist-totalitarian system of government. But this thesis, in fact, does not aim to deepen the social problems of housing or the dwelling itself. The aim of this research thesis is to take a further step forward in the innovative ways of designing urban units linked to residential structures (such as the urban block or the urban complex). The research approach is mainly based on the experimentation of the formal aspects of residential urban systems and the urban nucleus. Tirana is a specific morphological urban reality, because historically almost every regulatory plan (usually built on the principles of functional and physical zoning) has acted in a very partial and fragmented way in the urban territory. This, without taking into account the problems of socio-cultural-urban identity of previous periods. This fragmentation continues today, with completely partial applications that are more prey to residential building speculation by urban developers and builders, than guided by clear typological-morphological principles of the shape and the identity of the city. The city is therefore morphologically completely disconnected, but on the other hand, thanks to this fragmentation, the urban pieces of Tirana's identity are still partly there, to encourage us perhaps, as researchers of aspects of the urban form, to learn to read those existing urban tissues and to design, consequently, urban interventions that are in a clear dialogue with these parts. Therefore, this research thesis will explore the theoretical aspects related to the urban typology (type) and the typologies of dwellings that build the urban form, making comparisons with the urban models known in history; it will deal with aspects of urban development norms and standards, such as building or housing density, or the quantitative (and further qualitative) relationships between urban elements; and will experiment with methods of urban densification based on urban structures-models, but transforming them / "hybridizing" them in a contemporary way. The objectives of this thesis are: (1) to build an urban alphabet, based on existing urban situations of Tirana; (2) generate some aggregative urban rules, based on contemporary examples of urban complex-blocks; (3) create a series of urban morphemes (syntaxes), which concretely reinterpret, in a contemporary key, the urban parameters set by the urban plan and regulations.
Questa ricerca si concentra sui sistemi urbani residenziali e le trasformazioni contemporanee ad essi associate. Questo focus nasce come presa di coscienza riguardo una situazione problematica continua, negli ultimi trent'anni, degli alloggi e degli spazi abitati urbani (tipologie spaziali) nella capitale di Tirana. Questa situazione, di fatto è ereditata da un lungo periodo di pianificazione e progettazione urbanistica, che si è basata per quasi cinquant'anni sul sistema centrale di governo social-comunista-totalitario. Ma questa tesi, in realtà, non mira ad approfondire le problematiche sociali dell'abitare o dell'abitazione in se. Lo scopo di questa tesi di ricerca è fare un ulteriore passo avanti nelle modalità innovative di progettazione delle unità urbane legate alle strutture residenziali (come l'isolato urbano o il complesso urbano). L'approccio di ricerca si basa principalmente sulla sperimentazione degli aspetti formali dei sistemi urbani residenziali e del nucleo urbano. Tirana è una specifica realtà urbana morfologica, perché storicamente quasi ogni piano regolatore-normativo (solitamente costruito sui principi della zonizzazione funzionale e quella fisica) ha agito in modo molto parziale e frammentato nel territorio urbano. Questo, senza tener conto delle problematiche dell'identità socio-culturale-urbana dei periodi precedenti. Questa frammentazione continua ancora oggi, con applicazioni del tutto parziali che sono più in preda alla speculazione edilizia residenziale da parte di sviluppatori urbani e costruttori, che guidate da chiari principi tipologico-morfologici della forma e dell'identità della città. La città è quindi morfologicamente completamente disconnessa, ma d'altra parte, grazie a questa frammentazione, i pezzi urbani dell'identità di Tirana sono ancora in parte lì, per incoraggiarci forse, come ricercatori degli aspetti della forma urbana, ad imparare a leggerli questi intrecci urbani esistenti e di progettare, di conseguenza, interventi ubani che si mettano in dialogo con queste parti. Pertanto, questa tesi di ricerca esplorerà gli aspetti teorici relativi alla tipologia (tipo) urbana e alle tipologie di abitazioni che costruiscono la forma urbana, effettuando confronti con i modelli urbani conosciuti nella storia; tratterà aspetti delle norme e degli standard di sviluppo urbano, come la densità edilizia o abitativa, o le relazioni quantitative (e quelle qualitative ulteriormente) tra gli elementi urbani; e sperimenterà metodi di densificazione urbana basandosi su strutture-modelli urbani, ma trasformandoli-"ibridizandoli" in chiave contemporanea. Gli obiettivi di questa tesi sono: (1) costruire un alfabeto urbano, basandosi su situazioni urbane esistenti di Tirana; (2) generare alcune regole urbane aggregative, basandosi su esempi contemporanei di complessi-blocchi urbani; (3) creare una serie di morfemi urbani (sintassi), che reinterpretano concretamente, in chiave contemporanea, i parametri urbani prefissati dal piano e dai regolamenti urbanistici.
Alternative Housing Paradigm : Typological hybridizations and morphological variations for a dwelling innovation in the context of Tirana
HOXHA, Ermal
2022
Abstract
This research focuses on residential urban systems and the contemporary transformations associated with them. This focus was born as an awareness of a continuous problematic situation, in the last thirty years, of housing and the socalled spatial typologies in the capital of Tirana. This situation is in fact inherited from a long period of urban planning and design, which was based for almost fifty years on the central social-communist-totalitarian system of government. But this thesis, in fact, does not aim to deepen the social problems of housing or the dwelling itself. The aim of this research thesis is to take a further step forward in the innovative ways of designing urban units linked to residential structures (such as the urban block or the urban complex). The research approach is mainly based on the experimentation of the formal aspects of residential urban systems and the urban nucleus. Tirana is a specific morphological urban reality, because historically almost every regulatory plan (usually built on the principles of functional and physical zoning) has acted in a very partial and fragmented way in the urban territory. This, without taking into account the problems of socio-cultural-urban identity of previous periods. This fragmentation continues today, with completely partial applications that are more prey to residential building speculation by urban developers and builders, than guided by clear typological-morphological principles of the shape and the identity of the city. The city is therefore morphologically completely disconnected, but on the other hand, thanks to this fragmentation, the urban pieces of Tirana's identity are still partly there, to encourage us perhaps, as researchers of aspects of the urban form, to learn to read those existing urban tissues and to design, consequently, urban interventions that are in a clear dialogue with these parts. Therefore, this research thesis will explore the theoretical aspects related to the urban typology (type) and the typologies of dwellings that build the urban form, making comparisons with the urban models known in history; it will deal with aspects of urban development norms and standards, such as building or housing density, or the quantitative (and further qualitative) relationships between urban elements; and will experiment with methods of urban densification based on urban structures-models, but transforming them / "hybridizing" them in a contemporary way. The objectives of this thesis are: (1) to build an urban alphabet, based on existing urban situations of Tirana; (2) generate some aggregative urban rules, based on contemporary examples of urban complex-blocks; (3) create a series of urban morphemes (syntaxes), which concretely reinterpret, in a contemporary key, the urban parameters set by the urban plan and regulations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Ermal HOXHA_Alternative Housing Paradigm_April 2022.pdf
Open Access dal 08/11/2022
Descrizione: Alternative Housing Paradigm. Typological hybridizations and morphological variations for a dwelling innovation in the context of Tirana
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