A workflow to generate physical 3D models of cerebral aneurysms applying open source freeware for CAD modeling and 3D printing

Objectives: 3D anatomical models are becoming a new frontier in surgery for planning and simulation on an individualized patient specific basis. Since 1999, 3D cerebral aneurysms models for neurosurgery have been proposed. The possibility of reproducing in a realistic 3D fashion the malformation with the surrounding vascular structures, provides important preoperative information for the treatment strategy. The same models can be used for training and teaching. Unfortunately stereolitography is often burdened by high costs and long times of production. These factors limit the possibility to use 3D models to plan surgeries in an easy daily fashion. Patients and methods: Our study enrolled 5 patients harboring cerebral aneurysms. DICOM data of each aneurysm were elaborated by an open source freeware to obtain CAD molds. Afterwards, the 3D models were produced using a fused deposition or a stereolitography printer. Results: Models were evaluated by Neurosurgeons in terms of quality and usefulness for surgical planning. Costs and times of production were recorded. Conclusions: Models were reliable, economically affordable and quick to produce.