Long-term neuropsychological outcome and quality of life in perinatal ischemic stroke

Background: Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke is an established risk factor for neuromotor and cognitive sequelae, but little is known about long-term neuropsychological implications. We aimed to evaluate long-term neuropsychological outcome and its effect on life quality in children with history of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. Methods: Seventeen children with history of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke, selected from the institutional cerebrovascular registry, were recruited for this study. Outcome was investigated using a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests and PedsQL questionnaire. A neuropsychological composite score (Cognitive Index) was calculated taking into account impaired performances. Results: 47% of the patients had impaired Cognitive Index. Neuropsychological functions involved included: language, visuo-motor and executive functions, visual selective attention, with sustained attention as the most affected (59% of patients). Impairment in Cognitive Index was significantly associated with poor quality of life as perceived by parents. Conclusion: In conclusion, minor impairments, such as neuropsychological deficits, can frequently occur in children with history of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke and may affect quality of life.