Physicochemical and electrochemical investigations of the ionic liquid N-butyl -N-methyl-pyrrolidinium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole

A new ionic liquid formed by coupling 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole (TDI−) anion with N-butyl -N-methyl-pyrrolidinium (Pyr14+) cation is successfully synthesized and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, thermal and rheological analyses, as well as electrochemical techniques. The Pyr14TDI-LiTDI mixture, melting at 49 °C, shows remarkable stability within the 50–250 °C range, as well as suitable ionic conductivity, lithium ion transport, and electrochemical stability window. Thus, it is proposed for application at 60 °C in a lithium cell with stable LiFePO4cathode. At this temperature, the electrolyte has viscosity of 65.8 mPa s, ionic conductivity of the order of 5 mS cm−1, and limiting current density of 10−2 mA cm−2. Lithium metal/LiFePO4cells with such an electrolyte offer promising results in terms of stable LiFePO4/electrolyte interface, investigated by impedance spectroscopy, as well as delivered capacity above 160 mAh g−1with 81% of retention after 80 galvanostatic cycles.