The connection between climate and construction has always been symbiotic and it has deeply influenced the technological and constructive choices of the past. For this reason, a correct approach to ancient buildings has to take into account, in addition of their constructive characters, also of their environmental system, which includes natural ventilation systems. The importance of the latter is a priority, especially in the process of intervention for their reuse and integration with new system’s components. The Architecture of the Arab world influenced the role of Mediterranean architecture as a climate control system, with the introduction of several transition spaces b(like the porch) which provided an intermediate level of comfort between the inside and the outside (Grosso, 1997; Picone, 2009), until, in Europe, the concept of Villa was established between the '400 and the '500. Many stratagems for the summer air conditioning can be traced in this period, like the ones of the sixteenth century aristocratic villas in Costozza (Vicenza). The ingenious system consists of the so-called "ventidotti", a series of underground tunnels where air from caves, at a constant temperature, is conveyed by natural convection to the rooms, allowing a natural cooling in summer, and to mitigate the low temperatures in winter. Also the so-called "rooms of the scirocco", of which there are famous examples in Palermo, are well known. A big progress towards the current concept of air conditioning systems took place in the nineteenth century with the invention of what Cetica (2004) called " ventilation - heating binomial." Thanks to this new concept, in fact, natural ventilation was going to be also used as heating system and not only as cooling system. It is the invention of proto-equipment of centralized air conditioning.
Il rapporto tra clima e costruzione è sempre stato simbiotico e ha condizionato profondamente le scelte tecnologiche e costruttive del passato. Per questo, un approccio corretto ai manufatti antichi deve tenere conto, oltre ai caratteri costruttivi dei componenti edilizi, anche della costruzione dal punto di vista spaziale e del sistema ambientale, di cui fanno parte la qualità termica interna e soprattutto i sistemi di ventilazione naturale. L’importanza di questi ultimi è prioritaria in particolare nel momento della progettazione dell’intervento di recupero, sia per conoscerne gli apporti positivi sia per poter limitare eventuali aspetti negativi. Attraverso alcuni esempi significativi verranno ripercorse alcune delle principali tecniche di condizionamento estivo ed invernale, usate nel passato, che facevano uso della ventilazione naturale.
La ventilazione naturale negli edifici storici. Sistemi di climatizzazione estiva e invernale/The role of natural ventilation in historic buildings as summer and winter climate conditioning system.
CALZOLARI, Marta
2016
Abstract
The connection between climate and construction has always been symbiotic and it has deeply influenced the technological and constructive choices of the past. For this reason, a correct approach to ancient buildings has to take into account, in addition of their constructive characters, also of their environmental system, which includes natural ventilation systems. The importance of the latter is a priority, especially in the process of intervention for their reuse and integration with new system’s components. The Architecture of the Arab world influenced the role of Mediterranean architecture as a climate control system, with the introduction of several transition spaces b(like the porch) which provided an intermediate level of comfort between the inside and the outside (Grosso, 1997; Picone, 2009), until, in Europe, the concept of Villa was established between the '400 and the '500. Many stratagems for the summer air conditioning can be traced in this period, like the ones of the sixteenth century aristocratic villas in Costozza (Vicenza). The ingenious system consists of the so-called "ventidotti", a series of underground tunnels where air from caves, at a constant temperature, is conveyed by natural convection to the rooms, allowing a natural cooling in summer, and to mitigate the low temperatures in winter. Also the so-called "rooms of the scirocco", of which there are famous examples in Palermo, are well known. A big progress towards the current concept of air conditioning systems took place in the nineteenth century with the invention of what Cetica (2004) called " ventilation - heating binomial." Thanks to this new concept, in fact, natural ventilation was going to be also used as heating system and not only as cooling system. It is the invention of proto-equipment of centralized air conditioning.I documenti in SFERA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.