The 2024 excavation campaign at PC1 site, located at the base of a large boulder in the Pra’ Comun-Passo Giau area (San Vito di Cadore, BL), took place between 02-07 and 26-07. The investigation has continued in two sectors opened in 2023, to the South and North of the area investigated in 2019-2022 (sq. K-Q 13-18, central sector). The South sector occupies sq. K-O 8-12 while the North sector includes sq. J 20-21 and K-O 19-22. In the southern sector, excavation of US 15 (filling of S2, with cut US -38) was resumed, which contained lithic artefacts (partly thermally altered) and fragments of unburned long bones. A second filling (US 41) covered the bottom of cut US- 38, rich in charcoal remains, with some lithic artefacts and bone remains. S2 can be interpreted as a hollowed-out combustion structure (sub-circular shape at the base, dimensions 200x150 cm), abandoned and reactivated several times over time, whose clasts at the base probably had an insulating function. The chronology is not clear (Mesolithic or historical period?) since it was not possible to verify where the depression in which it was housed started from. More likely it can be referred to the late-ancient/medieval period. US 4 (Mesolithic occupation level) was subsequently removed and, at the contact with US 36 (probable colluvium on which the Mesolithic occupation in the southern portion rests), it was browner in color and with a richer clayey matrix, as well as sub-angular blocks of dolomite (cleaning of the most central portion of the shelter towards the marginal areas or contribution of blocks by gravity from the various colluvia – US 32, US 33, US 35 - which discharge below the shelter?), as well as in charcoal, lithic artefacts and bone remains. By removing US 4, the continuation of US 36 towards the north and that of US5 on the remaining portion were exposed. Below US 36, the continuation of a pedogenized layer was revealed in a limited area; it was devoid of clasts, and with a silty matrix and sub-angular polyhedral aggregates (US 44, with US -48 cut, probably a tree-stump). Before closing this sector, an E-W trench was excavated until reaching a layer that could correspond to the glacial till (US 46: silty-sandy matrix with unselected angular and sub-angular gravel clasts from fine to medium, perhaps associated with US25 identified in the trench of the central sector). In the Northern sector, a heterogeneous level (US 39), with a black silty-sandy matrix (charcoal), and patches of whitish and yellowish (dolomite alteration) and greyish sandy sediment (possible ash residues) was attested. US 10 and US 13 (sandy-silty sediment referable to hearth levels) partially covered US 39, while the relationship between US 3 (accumulation of dolomite gravel at the center of the shelter) and US 10 remains undefined. Both were removed (together with two residual portions of US 2 and US 6) and the continuation of US 39 was exposed, divided into US 39s (sandy matrix with grey-yellow-whitish spots) and US 39c (charcoal dominated), a lateral variation of the same activity area. Several fragments of combed pottery, galena, smelting waste, flints and bones were found there, up to US 4, with the exception of sq. K-L19-22 where another hearth was exposed (US 40 - sandy-silty level of yellow-greyish colour with darker patches and small arranged clasts altered at the top). Below US 40, a darker orange-coloured sediment emerged (US 40II, rubefaction at the base of the hearth?) with a purple lens at the base (iron oxides?). In the area where US 40II was removed, a layer characterized by a silty-clay matrix with clasts of millimetric gravel and sub-angular dolomite blocks emerged (same as US25 in the central sector?). It is evident that the preparation of the medieval hearth US 40 occurred to the detriment of US4 and US5, forming a small depression (US -43). It is assumed that US 39s, US 39c, US 40 and US 40II correspond to the same hearth, where US 40 is the preparation layer made of selected sediment, US 40II the bottom rubefied portion of the preparation layer, US 39c the spreading of charcoals, US 39s the mixing between the sandy sediment and the charcoal. Finally, US 4 is not preserved beyond the limit of the drip-line of the shelter due to erosive processes: in this area a layer of medieval material dumps (US 28), already identified in the central sector in 2022, was recognized. On this and on US 4 there was a charcoal-rich layer, with a silty matrix and altered dolomite clasts with an eastward inclination (US 42). Once this was removed, excavation of US 28 and US 4 began. Below US 28, US 16 was exposed. Instead, a portion of US 4 was removed (sq. L19, M19-20, N20-22) and the surface of a clasts-rich layer (US 49) was partially exposed, left in situ. It will be verified whether this could correspond to the first phase of Mesolithic occupation. In the N-E corner, below US 4, a layer with a N-E slope emerged (US 47), rich in altered dolomite clasts and with little charcaol content. This surface was not present in the central sector where US 5 and US 16 were respectively identified below US 4 and US 28.
La campagna di scavo del 2024 nel sito PC1, situato alla base di un grande masso roccioso nell’area di Pra’ Comun-Passo Giau (San Vito di Cadore, BL), si è svolta tra il 02-07 e il 26-07. E’ continuata l’indagine in due settori aperti nel 2023, localizzati rispettivamente a Sud e a Nord dell’area indagata tra 2019 e 2022 (qq. K-Q 13-18, settore centrale). Il settore Sud occupa i qq. K-O 8-12 mentre il settore Nord comprende i qq. J 20-21 e K-O 19-22. Nel settore Sud è ripreso lo scavo di US 15 (riempimento della struttura S2, con taglio US -38) che conteneva manufatti litici (in parte alterati termicamente) e frammenti di ossa lunghe non combuste. Un secondo riempimento (US 41) rivestiva il fondo del taglio US- 38, ricco di fustoli di carbone, qualche selce e resto osseo. S2 può essere interpretata come una struttura di combustione incavata (forma sub-circolare alla base, dimensioni 200x150 cm), abbandonata e riattivata più volte nel tempo, i cui clasti presenti alla base potrebbero avere avuto una funzione isolante. La cronologia non è chiara (Mesolitico o epoca storica) poiché non è stato possibile verificare da dove partisse il taglio della depressione nella quale era alloggiata. Tuttavia, è più probabile che sia riferibile all’ epoca tardo-antica/medievale. E’ stata, in seguito, rimossa US4 (livello di occupazione mesolitica) che, al contatto con US36 (colluvio su cui poggia l’occupazione mesolitica nella porzione sud) risultava di colore più bruno e con matrice più argillosa, nonché più ricca di blocchetti sub-angolari di dolomia (pulizia della porzione più centrale del riparo verso le zone marginali o apporto di blocchetti per gravità dai vari colluvi - US32, US33, US35 - che scaricano al di sotto del riparo?), oltre che di carboni, manufatti litici e resti ossei. Rimuovendo US4 si sono esposte la continuazione di US 36 verso nord e quella di US 5 sulla restante porzione. Al di sotto di US 36 si è messa in luce, in un’area circoscritta, la continuazione di uno strato pedogenizzato, privo di scheletro, matrice limosa e aggregati poliedrici sub-angolari (US 44, con taglio US -48, probabile ceppaia ). Prima di chiudere questo settore si è scavata una trincea E-O fino a raggiungere il probabile till glaciale (US 46: matrice limo-sabbiosa con ghiaia angolare/sub-angolare da fine a medio, associabile forse ad US 25 nella trincea del settore centrale). Nel settore Nord era presente un livello eterogeneo a matrice limo-sabbiosa di colore nero (carbone), con chiazze di sedimento sabbioso biancastre e giallastre (disfacimento di dolomia) e grigiastre (residui di cenere?) (US 39), ricoperto parzialmente da US 10 e US 13 (stesure di sedimento sabbioso-limoso per piani di focolari) mentre rimane non definito il rapporto tra US 3 (accumulo circoscritto di pietrisco di dolomia al centro del riparo) ed US 10. Rimosse entrambe (insieme a due lembi residui di US 2 e di US 6), è stata esposta la continuazione di US 39, distinta in US 39s (matrice sabbiosa con macchie grigio-gialle-biancastre) e US 39c (componente carboniosa), variazione laterale della stessa area di attività. Vi sono stati rilevati diversi frammenti di ceramica pettinata, galena, scarti di fusione, selci e ossa, fino a raggiungere US4, ad eccezione dei qq. K-L19-22 dove è stato esposto un altro piano di focolare (US40 - livello sabbioso-limoso giallo-grigiastro con chiazze scure e placchette di apporto antropico alterate al tetto). Al di sotto di US 40 è emerso un sedimento di colore scuro più aranciato (US 40II, rubefazione alla base del focolare?) con lente di colore violaceo alla base (ossidi di ferro?). Al di sotto di questo era presente uno strato a matrice limo-argillosa e scheletro a ghiaino millimetrico e blocchi a spigoli sub-angolari di dolomia (uguale a US25 del settore centrale?). È evidente che l’impostazione del focolare medievale US 40 è avvenuta a discapito di US4 ed US5 formando una piccola concavità (US -43). Si ipotizza che US39s, US39c, US40 e US40II corrispondano allo stesso focolare, in cui US40 è piano di appoggio costituito da sedimento selezionato, US40II è la porzione rubefatta, US39c lo spargimento dei carboni, US39s il rimescolamento tra il sedimento sabbioso e la componente più carboniosa. Per quanto riguarda US4, questo non si conserva oltre il limite della drip-line del riparo a causa di processi erosivi: in questa zona era presente uno strato di scarichi di materiale d’epoca medioevale (US28), già individuato nel settore centrale nel 2022. Sopra questo e US 4 si trovava uno strato carbonioso, a matrice limosa e scheletro di dolomia alterata con inclinazione verso Est (US42). Sotto a US28, a sua volta, è stata esposta US16. Dopo la parziale rimozione di US4 è emersa la superficie di uno strato a placchette (US49), lasciato in situ, che potrebbe corrispondere a una prima fase di occupazione mesolitica (da verificare). Nell’angolo N-E, sotto a US4, si è messo in luce uno strato con pendenza verso N-E (US47), ricco di clasti di dolomia alterati e con scarsa matrice carboniosa. Questa superficie non è presente nel settore centrale dove al di sotto di US4 e US28 vi erano rispettivamente US5 ed US16.
Prà Comun-Passo Giau
Federica Fontana
;Nicolo Fasser;Marzio Cecchetti;Davide Visentin;
2024
Abstract
The 2024 excavation campaign at PC1 site, located at the base of a large boulder in the Pra’ Comun-Passo Giau area (San Vito di Cadore, BL), took place between 02-07 and 26-07. The investigation has continued in two sectors opened in 2023, to the South and North of the area investigated in 2019-2022 (sq. K-Q 13-18, central sector). The South sector occupies sq. K-O 8-12 while the North sector includes sq. J 20-21 and K-O 19-22. In the southern sector, excavation of US 15 (filling of S2, with cut US -38) was resumed, which contained lithic artefacts (partly thermally altered) and fragments of unburned long bones. A second filling (US 41) covered the bottom of cut US- 38, rich in charcoal remains, with some lithic artefacts and bone remains. S2 can be interpreted as a hollowed-out combustion structure (sub-circular shape at the base, dimensions 200x150 cm), abandoned and reactivated several times over time, whose clasts at the base probably had an insulating function. The chronology is not clear (Mesolithic or historical period?) since it was not possible to verify where the depression in which it was housed started from. More likely it can be referred to the late-ancient/medieval period. US 4 (Mesolithic occupation level) was subsequently removed and, at the contact with US 36 (probable colluvium on which the Mesolithic occupation in the southern portion rests), it was browner in color and with a richer clayey matrix, as well as sub-angular blocks of dolomite (cleaning of the most central portion of the shelter towards the marginal areas or contribution of blocks by gravity from the various colluvia – US 32, US 33, US 35 - which discharge below the shelter?), as well as in charcoal, lithic artefacts and bone remains. By removing US 4, the continuation of US 36 towards the north and that of US5 on the remaining portion were exposed. Below US 36, the continuation of a pedogenized layer was revealed in a limited area; it was devoid of clasts, and with a silty matrix and sub-angular polyhedral aggregates (US 44, with US -48 cut, probably a tree-stump). Before closing this sector, an E-W trench was excavated until reaching a layer that could correspond to the glacial till (US 46: silty-sandy matrix with unselected angular and sub-angular gravel clasts from fine to medium, perhaps associated with US25 identified in the trench of the central sector). In the Northern sector, a heterogeneous level (US 39), with a black silty-sandy matrix (charcoal), and patches of whitish and yellowish (dolomite alteration) and greyish sandy sediment (possible ash residues) was attested. US 10 and US 13 (sandy-silty sediment referable to hearth levels) partially covered US 39, while the relationship between US 3 (accumulation of dolomite gravel at the center of the shelter) and US 10 remains undefined. Both were removed (together with two residual portions of US 2 and US 6) and the continuation of US 39 was exposed, divided into US 39s (sandy matrix with grey-yellow-whitish spots) and US 39c (charcoal dominated), a lateral variation of the same activity area. Several fragments of combed pottery, galena, smelting waste, flints and bones were found there, up to US 4, with the exception of sq. K-L19-22 where another hearth was exposed (US 40 - sandy-silty level of yellow-greyish colour with darker patches and small arranged clasts altered at the top). Below US 40, a darker orange-coloured sediment emerged (US 40II, rubefaction at the base of the hearth?) with a purple lens at the base (iron oxides?). In the area where US 40II was removed, a layer characterized by a silty-clay matrix with clasts of millimetric gravel and sub-angular dolomite blocks emerged (same as US25 in the central sector?). It is evident that the preparation of the medieval hearth US 40 occurred to the detriment of US4 and US5, forming a small depression (US -43). It is assumed that US 39s, US 39c, US 40 and US 40II correspond to the same hearth, where US 40 is the preparation layer made of selected sediment, US 40II the bottom rubefied portion of the preparation layer, US 39c the spreading of charcoals, US 39s the mixing between the sandy sediment and the charcoal. Finally, US 4 is not preserved beyond the limit of the drip-line of the shelter due to erosive processes: in this area a layer of medieval material dumps (US 28), already identified in the central sector in 2022, was recognized. On this and on US 4 there was a charcoal-rich layer, with a silty matrix and altered dolomite clasts with an eastward inclination (US 42). Once this was removed, excavation of US 28 and US 4 began. Below US 28, US 16 was exposed. Instead, a portion of US 4 was removed (sq. L19, M19-20, N20-22) and the surface of a clasts-rich layer (US 49) was partially exposed, left in situ. It will be verified whether this could correspond to the first phase of Mesolithic occupation. In the N-E corner, below US 4, a layer with a N-E slope emerged (US 47), rich in altered dolomite clasts and with little charcaol content. This surface was not present in the central sector where US 5 and US 16 were respectively identified below US 4 and US 28.I documenti in SFERA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


