Cyclic behavior of laminated veneer lumber bracing

The use of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) elements as bracing members is still limited but is generating increasing interest in sustainable construction. LVL members offer high mechanical performance, both in tension and compression, allowing effective structural responses even with extremely reduced cross-sectional areas. This study analyzes two types of steel-to-timber connections for the use of LVL braces in framed structures, including steel or reinforced concrete frames, with particular focus on seismic applications. Through monotonic and cyclic tests, the resistance mechanisms and hysteretic behavior of the connections were evaluated, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Design modifications were also proposed to improve ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The integration of dissipative devices at the brace ends was considered as a strategy to significantly enhance the overall seismic response by concentrating deformations in replaceable components and preserving the main connections. Special attention is given to the connection between the damper and the LVL brace, a crucial aspect especially for members with small cross-sections. The results show that the analyzed connections can be effectively used in bracing systems with dissipative devices, offering a sustainable and promising solution for seismic protection without compromising structural safety.