There may be different opinion on the use of fossil fuels and their replacement with renewable sources. What should not be ignored is the fact that existing energy infrastructures will not be capable to support the increasing demand due to the electrification of primary services; the current energy system proceeds through a hierarchical scheme based on a centralized production, a consecutive distribution of energy through primary electric lines to end users, it will hardly be able to sustain the growing electrification of more heterogeneous services, and the resulting increase in energy demand. It is therefore essential to understand and anticipate this change, by implementing strategic policies on energy efficiency, renewable sources and diffuse generation. The research aims to investigate how the European context is working towards achieving the Community’s targets in terms of reducing pollutant emissions and increasing the use of renewable sources. A key to the resolution of the socio-economic problems encountered is the adoption of collective self-consumption systems, through the capillary installation of photovoltaic plants on the territory, classified as energy communities. The research project will analyse the current legislation, both in Europe and in Italy, defining the main guidelines for the definition, creation and development of an energy community. The research involved the analysis of case studies of photovoltaic installations, which could become potential energy communities; among these are selected the most significative, for which the creation of an energy community was simulated, analysing various aspects, including economic feasibility, environmental and social aspects. Depending on whether the district is residential or industrial, the corresponding energy model is examined. The evolution of consumption patterns and the analysis of energy balances helps identifying the areas where interventions should be prioritized. An energetic model is developed to replicate and represent the energy flows within the district system and its existing networks, treating the district as an open thermodynamic/energy system. In the second phase of the project, the implementation process of the identified interventions is monitored and the results compared to the preliminary project in order to define significant variances occurred in the renovation process. For the methodology to be truly effective, it has also included active participation from the citizen/user, who are a central figure and prosumer in their own district. Through an appropriate informational path, individuals are empowered to modify and align their behaviours with this new paradigm. The third phase of the project have investigated the potential and the benefits of creating a Renewable Energy Community at district level, involving potential actors and analysing existing energy flows. An evaluation of the simultaneity of production and consumption have been conducted, highlighting the benefits of this contemporaneity for both the end-users and management of the power plant.
Possono esistere opinioni divergenti in merito all'utilizzo dei combustibili fossili e sulla loro sostituzione con fonti rinnovabili. Ciò che non va ignorato è il fatto che le infrastrutture energetiche esistenti non saranno in grado di sostenere la crescente domanda dovuta all'elettrificazione dei servizi primari; l'attuale sistema energetico procede attraverso uno schema gerarchico basato su una produzione centralizzata, una successive distribuzione dell'energia attraverso linee elettriche primarie agli utenti finali; tale paradigma, pertanto, difficilmente sarà in grado di sostenere la crescente elettrificazione di servizi più eterogenei e il conseguente aumento della domanda energetica. È quindi essenziale comprendere e anticipare questo cambiamento, attuando politiche strategiche sul l'efficienza energetica, le fonti rinnovabili e la generazione diffusa. La ricerca si propone di esaminare le strategie adottate dal contesto europeo al fine di contribuire al raggiungimento degli obiettivi comunitari in termini di riduzione delle emissioni inquinanti e di aumento dell'utilizzo di fonti rinnovabili. Una chiave per la risoluzione dei problemi socio-economici riscontrati è l'adozione di sistemi di autoconsumo collettivo, attraverso l'installazione capillare di impianti fotovoltaici sul territorio, classificati come comunità energetiche. Il progetto di ricerca ha analizzato la vigente regolamentazione, sia in ambito europeo sia in ambito nazionale, definendo i principali orientamenti per la definizione, la creazione e lo sviluppo di una comunità energetica. La ricerca ha riguardato l'analisi di casi studio di impianti di produzione di energia da fonte solare, I quali potrebbero costituire altrettante comunità energetiche; tra questi sono stati selezionati i più significativi, per i quali è stata simulata la creazione di una comunità energetica, analizzando vari aspetti, la fattibilità economica, gli aspetti ambientali e sociali. A seconda che il distretto sia residenziale o industriale, viene esaminato il modello energetico corrispondente. L'evoluzione dei modelli di consumo e l'analisi dei bilanci energetici aiutano a identificare le aree in cui gli interventi dovrebbero essere prioritari. Viene sviluppato un modello energetico per replicare e rappresentare i flussi di energia all'interno del sistema distrettuale e delle sue reti esistenti, trattando il distretto come un sistema aperto termodinamico/energetico. Nella seconda fase del progetto, è stato monitorato il processo di implementazione degli interventi individuati e i risultati rispetto al progetto preliminare per definire le variazioni significative verificatesi nel processo di ristrutturazione. Affinché la metodologia sia veramente efficace, questa ricercar ha inoltre previsto una partecipazione attiva da parte dei cittadini/utenti, figure centrali e prosumers del proprio distretto energetico. La terza fase del progetto ha esaminato il potenziale e i vantaggi della creazione di una comunità delle energie rinnovabili a livello distrettuale, coinvolgendo potenziali attori e analizzando i flussi energetici esistenti. Si è proceduto a una valutazione della simultaneità di produzione e consumo, evidenziando i vantaggi di questa contemporaneità sia per gli utenti finali che per la gestione della centrale.
Renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in residential and industrial districts an integrated approach for the energetic and exergetic improvement of complex urban systems and their infrastructures, through an holistic approach and LCA
FERRARI, LAURA
2025
Abstract
There may be different opinion on the use of fossil fuels and their replacement with renewable sources. What should not be ignored is the fact that existing energy infrastructures will not be capable to support the increasing demand due to the electrification of primary services; the current energy system proceeds through a hierarchical scheme based on a centralized production, a consecutive distribution of energy through primary electric lines to end users, it will hardly be able to sustain the growing electrification of more heterogeneous services, and the resulting increase in energy demand. It is therefore essential to understand and anticipate this change, by implementing strategic policies on energy efficiency, renewable sources and diffuse generation. The research aims to investigate how the European context is working towards achieving the Community’s targets in terms of reducing pollutant emissions and increasing the use of renewable sources. A key to the resolution of the socio-economic problems encountered is the adoption of collective self-consumption systems, through the capillary installation of photovoltaic plants on the territory, classified as energy communities. The research project will analyse the current legislation, both in Europe and in Italy, defining the main guidelines for the definition, creation and development of an energy community. The research involved the analysis of case studies of photovoltaic installations, which could become potential energy communities; among these are selected the most significative, for which the creation of an energy community was simulated, analysing various aspects, including economic feasibility, environmental and social aspects. Depending on whether the district is residential or industrial, the corresponding energy model is examined. The evolution of consumption patterns and the analysis of energy balances helps identifying the areas where interventions should be prioritized. An energetic model is developed to replicate and represent the energy flows within the district system and its existing networks, treating the district as an open thermodynamic/energy system. In the second phase of the project, the implementation process of the identified interventions is monitored and the results compared to the preliminary project in order to define significant variances occurred in the renovation process. For the methodology to be truly effective, it has also included active participation from the citizen/user, who are a central figure and prosumer in their own district. Through an appropriate informational path, individuals are empowered to modify and align their behaviours with this new paradigm. The third phase of the project have investigated the potential and the benefits of creating a Renewable Energy Community at district level, involving potential actors and analysing existing energy flows. An evaluation of the simultaneity of production and consumption have been conducted, highlighting the benefits of this contemporaneity for both the end-users and management of the power plant.I documenti in SFERA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


