Glass Curtain Wall: a systematic review

Global climate change and resource limitations are critical contemporary challenges. Since the building sector accounts for about 30% of global energy consumption, many countries are implementing policies to enhance energy efficiency in both new and existing buildings. These measures aim to provide cooling solutions with minimal energy demand while maintaining thermal comfort. The Program for Energy Efficiency in Buildings (PEEB) highlights strategies such as optimizing building design based on the local microclimate, including orientation, shape, openings, and solar shading devices. These measures enhance building envelope performance but often depend on mechanical systems for internal comfort. With increasing awareness of circularity and raw material scarcity, maximizing the potential of façade systems has become essential. Transparent curtain wall systems, introduced in the 19th century, have significantly influenced architectural identity and technological advancement. However, even the most efficient systems fail to meet the 2022 UN Environment Program’s goal of a 95% energy consumption reduction. Achieving such targets requires transformative changes in both materials and design principles. This study explores contemporary applications of transparent curtain wall systems developed by leading international manufacturers. Using databases like Scopus and Web of Science and applying the PRISMA method, a systematic review will be conducted. The collected data will be structured through the innovative concept of the metamodule, an informational core that integrates key indicators of smart façade modules.