Introduction: Regenerative plastic surgery integrates biological sciences and engineering technologies to address complex clinical challenges. This thesis explores the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), advanced biomaterials, enzymatic therapies, and lymphatic tissue regeneration strategies. These approaches aim to overcome the limitations of traditional surgical techniques, offering innovative solutions for functional and aesthetic tissue restoration. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Their Applications: ADSCs, abundant, easily harvested, and multipotent, are a cornerstone of regenerative medicine. This thesis investigates their role in craniofacial reconstruction, chronic wound management, and lymphatic regeneration. ADSCs exhibit immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic properties, enhancing tissue repair and reducing inflammation. Their combination with bioengineered scaffolds accelerates healing and improves clinical outcomes, particularly in challenging reconstructive scenarios. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering: Advanced biomaterials have revolutionized reconstructive plastic surgery. Functionalized meshes, bioactive scaffolds, and composite materials provide structural support while actively modulating the cellular environment to promote tissue integration. This thesis examines their efficacy in complex applications such as abdominal wall reconstruction and large tissue defects. The synergy of biomaterials with ADSCs enhances biocompatibility and reduces postoperative complications, offering safer and more effective solutions. Lymphatic System Regeneration: Lymphatic complications, including lymphedema, pose challenges in reconstructive surgery. This thesis explores innovative approaches to lymphatic tissue engineering, particularly ADSC-based therapies and bioactive biomaterials. Reconstructing lymphatic vessels and nodes restores fluid dynamics and reduces morbidity. These techniques hold significant potential for improving quality of life in patients with lymphatic disorders. Enzymatic Therapies: The integration of enzymatic therapies represents an innovative approach to fibrotic conditions. This thesis evaluates Vibrio alginolyticus collagenase, an enzyme with superior specificity and safety, for treating diseases such as Dupuytren’s contracture. By selectively degrading pathological collagen while preserving healthy tissue, this therapy minimizes complications and enhances recovery. The broader application of targeted enzymatic therapies in fibrotic diseases is also explored. Exosomes and Intercellular Communication: Exosomes, extracellular vesicles derived from ADSCs, are emerging as key mediators in tissue regeneration. This thesis examines their role in modulating intercellular communication, influencing angiogenesis, immune regulation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Their use as standalone therapeutic agents or in combination with biomaterials represents a promising frontier in personalized regenerative medicine, offering minimally invasive and highly effective treatment options. Conclusions and Future Directions: The findings of this thesis highlight the transformative potential of integrating ADSCs, biomaterials, enzymatic therapies, and lymphatic regeneration techniques in plastic surgery. These strategies address unmet clinical needs by providing personalized, minimally invasive, and highly effective solutions. Future research should focus on standardizing clinical protocols, developing next-generation bioactive materials, and advancing exosome-based therapies. By building on these innovations, regenerative plastic surgery can redefine care standards, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Introduzione: La chirurgia plastica rigenerativa integra scienze biologiche e tecnologie ingegneristiche per affrontare sfide cliniche complesse. Questa tesi analizza il potenziale delle cellule staminali derivate dal tessuto adiposo (ADSCs), dei biomateriali avanzati, delle terapie enzimatiche e delle strategie di rigenerazione linfatica, con l’obiettivo di superare i limiti della chirurgia tradizionale e migliorare il ripristino funzionale ed estetico dei tessuti. Cellule Staminali Derivate dal Tessuto Adiposo (ADSCs) e loro Applicazioni: Le ADSCs, abbondanti, facilmente prelevabili e multipotenti, sono un pilastro della medicina rigenerativa. Questa tesi ne esplora il ruolo nella ricostruzione craniofacciale, nel trattamento delle ferite croniche e nella rigenerazione linfatica. Grazie alle proprietà immunomodulatorie e pro-angiogeniche, le ADSCs favoriscono la riparazione tissutale e riducono l'infiammazione. La loro combinazione con scaffold bioingegnerizzati accelera la guarigione e migliora gli esiti clinici, soprattutto nei casi ricostruttivi più complessi. Biomateriali e Ingegneria Tissutale: I biomateriali avanzati hanno rivoluzionato la chirurgia ricostruttiva. Mesh funzionalizzate, scaffold bioattivi e materiali compositi offrono supporto strutturale e modulano l'ambiente cellulare per favorire l’integrazione tissutale. Questa tesi ne analizza l’efficacia in applicazioni complesse, come la ricostruzione della parete addominale e il trattamento di difetti estesi. L’integrazione con ADSCs migliora la biocompatibilità e riduce le complicanze post-operatorie, offrendo soluzioni più sicure ed efficaci. Rigenerazione del Sistema Linfatico: Le complicanze linfatiche, tra cui il linfedema, rappresentano una sfida nella chirurgia ricostruttiva. Questa tesi indaga strategie innovative di ingegneria tissutale linfatica, basate su ADSCs e biomateriali bioattivi. La ricostruzione di vasi e linfonodi linfatici migliora la dinamica dei fluidi e riduce la morbilità, con un impatto positivo sulla qualità di vita dei pazienti affetti da patologie linfatiche. Terapie Enzimatiche: Le terapie enzimatiche offrono un approccio innovativo per le patologie fibrotiche. La tesi valuta l’uso della collagenasi di Vibrio alginolyticus nel trattamento del morbo di Dupuytren. Questo enzima degrada selettivamente il collagene patologico, preservando i tessuti sani e migliorando il recupero. L’applicabilità di questa terapia ad altre patologie fibrotiche evidenzia la sua rilevanza clinica. Esosomi e Comunicazione Intercellulare: Gli esosomi, vescicole extracellulari derivate dalle ADSCs, svolgono un ruolo chiave nella rigenerazione tissutale. Questa tesi analizza il loro impatto su angiogenesi, immunoregolazione e rimodellamento della matrice extracellulare. L’impiego degli esosomi, da soli o con biomateriali, apre nuove prospettive nella medicina rigenerativa, offrendo opzioni terapeutiche meno invasive ed efficaci. Conclusioni e Prospettive Future: L’integrazione di ADSCs, biomateriali, terapie enzimatiche e rigenerazione linfatica rappresenta una svolta nella chirurgia plastica rigenerativa, rispondendo a esigenze cliniche insoddisfatte con soluzioni personalizzate e minimamente invasive. La ricerca futura dovrà concentrarsi sulla standardizzazione dei protocolli clinici e sullo sviluppo di biomateriali di nuova generazione, favorendo l’adozione su larga scala delle terapie basate sugli esosomi e migliorando gli esiti clinici.
Advancements in Regenerative Plastic Surgery: The Role of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Biomaterials, and Enzymatic Therapies in Reconstructive Procedures
COSTA, ALFIO LUCA
2025
Abstract
Introduction: Regenerative plastic surgery integrates biological sciences and engineering technologies to address complex clinical challenges. This thesis explores the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), advanced biomaterials, enzymatic therapies, and lymphatic tissue regeneration strategies. These approaches aim to overcome the limitations of traditional surgical techniques, offering innovative solutions for functional and aesthetic tissue restoration. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Their Applications: ADSCs, abundant, easily harvested, and multipotent, are a cornerstone of regenerative medicine. This thesis investigates their role in craniofacial reconstruction, chronic wound management, and lymphatic regeneration. ADSCs exhibit immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic properties, enhancing tissue repair and reducing inflammation. Their combination with bioengineered scaffolds accelerates healing and improves clinical outcomes, particularly in challenging reconstructive scenarios. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering: Advanced biomaterials have revolutionized reconstructive plastic surgery. Functionalized meshes, bioactive scaffolds, and composite materials provide structural support while actively modulating the cellular environment to promote tissue integration. This thesis examines their efficacy in complex applications such as abdominal wall reconstruction and large tissue defects. The synergy of biomaterials with ADSCs enhances biocompatibility and reduces postoperative complications, offering safer and more effective solutions. Lymphatic System Regeneration: Lymphatic complications, including lymphedema, pose challenges in reconstructive surgery. This thesis explores innovative approaches to lymphatic tissue engineering, particularly ADSC-based therapies and bioactive biomaterials. Reconstructing lymphatic vessels and nodes restores fluid dynamics and reduces morbidity. These techniques hold significant potential for improving quality of life in patients with lymphatic disorders. Enzymatic Therapies: The integration of enzymatic therapies represents an innovative approach to fibrotic conditions. This thesis evaluates Vibrio alginolyticus collagenase, an enzyme with superior specificity and safety, for treating diseases such as Dupuytren’s contracture. By selectively degrading pathological collagen while preserving healthy tissue, this therapy minimizes complications and enhances recovery. The broader application of targeted enzymatic therapies in fibrotic diseases is also explored. Exosomes and Intercellular Communication: Exosomes, extracellular vesicles derived from ADSCs, are emerging as key mediators in tissue regeneration. This thesis examines their role in modulating intercellular communication, influencing angiogenesis, immune regulation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Their use as standalone therapeutic agents or in combination with biomaterials represents a promising frontier in personalized regenerative medicine, offering minimally invasive and highly effective treatment options. Conclusions and Future Directions: The findings of this thesis highlight the transformative potential of integrating ADSCs, biomaterials, enzymatic therapies, and lymphatic regeneration techniques in plastic surgery. These strategies address unmet clinical needs by providing personalized, minimally invasive, and highly effective solutions. Future research should focus on standardizing clinical protocols, developing next-generation bioactive materials, and advancing exosome-based therapies. By building on these innovations, regenerative plastic surgery can redefine care standards, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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