The world is experiencing many challenges, and climate change is one of those challenges. Various factors are influencing climate change, and the adverse effects of many human activities are leading to climate change. The production of waste and waste management efficiency are important aspects in terms of climate change and sustainability. Waste is understood in many ways; the common forms of waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, gas, or other forms. The process of waste management involves all stages of waste treatment and disposal, from its production stage to the final stage, involving its ongoing monitoring and introduction and implementation of waste management policies. This research study focused on different aspects including an overall understanding of waste, waste management, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, association among waste management and SDGs, understanding the waste indicators of SDGs, assessing the national achievements of waste-related SDG goals in Italy and Canada and measuring the waste management efficiency in Emilia Romagna, a region of North Italy. The study used different methods and tools for each aspect. It has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter focuses on the background of the research, an understanding of different terms, the objectives of the study, and an overview of the methodologies. The second chapter applies a systematic literature review to study a possible number of studies aimed at understanding waste management, exploring the waste indicators of SDGs, and emphasizing the associations between waste management and SDGs. The third chapter has assessed the national achievement of Italy in the achievement of waste management concerning SDG goals. This chapter has used the national dataset on SDGs and available data on socio-economic and geographic variables. This chapter applied descriptive statistics, person’s correlation, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), and Elastic Net Regression, emphasizing the relationship between the waste indicators of SDGs and social, economic, and geographical factors. The chapter resulted in a significant association between the outcomes of waste management indicators of SDGs and demographic variables. The fourth chapter discussed municipal solid waste management in Emilia Romagna, northern Italy, and considered environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The chapter used the dataset of ATERSIR (Emilia-Romagna Territorial Agency for Water and Waste Services). In this chapter, integrating data on various dimensions identified key patterns in waste management performance across municipalities. The use of composite indicators depicted a holistic view of municipal performance and provided further identification of high-performance and underperforming municipalities. The findings of this chapter show some municipalities have consistently good performance while others struggle across all dimensions, mainly when assessed by methods of non-compensatory aggregation. The impact of population density, service operators, and payment methods on waste management outcomes has also been found in this study. The last chapter focused on discussing the achievement of waste-related SDG Goals in Canada. The chapter applied the literature review and found a lack of uniform policies in the country focusing on waste management. It was found that there are various efforts taken by the country, but challenges still remain in achieving the SDG goals focusing on waste indicators of SDGs.
Il mondo sta affrontando numerose sfide, e il cambiamento climatico è una di queste. Diversi fattori stanno influenzando il cambiamento climatico, e gli impatti negativi di parecchie attività umane stanno contribuendo a questo fenomeno. La produzione di rifiuti e l'efficienza nella gestione degli stessi sono aspetti cruciali in termini di cambiamento climatico e sostenibilità. I rifiuti possono essere classificati in diverse forme: solidi, liquidi, gassosi o altre forme. Il processo di gestione dei rifiuti coinvolge tutte le fasi del trattamento e dello smaltimento, dalla produzione al monitoraggio continuo, nonché l'introduzione e l'implementazione di politiche di gestione dei rifiuti. Questo studio si è concentrato su diversi aspetti, tra cui una comprensione generale dei rifiuti, della gestione degli stessi, del quadro degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), delle associazioni tra gestione dei rifiuti e SDGs, della comprensione degli indicatori di rifiuti negli SDGs, della valutazione dei risultati nazionali relativi agli obiettivi SDGs legati ai rifiuti in Italia e Canada, e della misurazione dell'efficienza nella gestione dei rifiuti in Emilia Romagna, una regione del Nord Italia. Lo studio ha utilizzato diversi metodi e strumenti per ciascun aspetto ed è stato suddiviso in sei capitoli. Il primo capitolo si concentra sul contesto della ricerca, sulla comprensione di diversi termini, sugli obiettivi dello studio e su una panoramica delle metodologie. Il secondo capitolo applica una revisione sistematica della letteratura per analizzare un numero significativo di studi volti a comprendere la gestione dei rifiuti, esplorare gli indicatori di rifiuti negli SDGs e sottolineare le associazioni tra gestione dei rifiuti e SDGs. Il terzo capitolo valuta i risultati nazionali dell'Italia nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs relativi alla gestione dei rifiuti. Questo capitolo utilizza il dataset nazionale sugli SDGs e i dati disponibili su variabili socioeconomiche e geografiche. Sono stati applicati metodi di statistica descrittiva, correlazione di Pearson, regressione Partial Least Square (PLSR) e Elastic Net Regression, evidenziando la relazione tra gli indicatori di rifiuti degli SDGs e fattori sociali, economici e geografici. I risultati mostrano una significativa associazione tra gli indicatori di gestione dei rifiuti degli SDGs e variabili demografiche. Il quarto capitolo discute la gestione dei rifiuti solidi urbani in Emilia-Romagna, considerando dimensioni ambientali, economiche e sociali. Il capitolo utilizza il dataset di ATERSIR (Agenzia Territoriale dell'Emilia-Romagna per i Servizi Idrici e Rifiuti). L'integrazione di dati su varie dimensioni ha permesso di identificare modelli chiave nelle performance di gestione dei rifiuti tra i comuni. L'uso di indicatori compositi ha fornito una visione olistica delle performance comunali e ha permesso di identificare comuni ad alte prestazioni e quelli in difficoltà. I risultati mostrano che alcuni comuni hanno performance costantemente buone, mentre altri lottano in tutte le dimensioni, specialmente quando valutati con metodi di aggregazione non compensativa. Lo studio ha anche evidenziato l'impatto della densità di popolazione, degli operatori dei servizi e dei metodi di pagamento sui risultati della gestione dei rifiuti. L'ultimo capitolo si concentra sul raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs legati ai rifiuti in Canada. Il capitolo applica una revisione della letteratura e rileva una mancanza di politiche uniformi nel paese riguardo alla gestione dei rifiuti. Sono stati identificati vari sforzi intrapresi dal paese, ma permangono sfide nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs relativi agli indicatori di rifiuti.
Solid Waste Collection, Treatment and Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in the Context of Waste Management
RAM, MEETHA
2025
Abstract
The world is experiencing many challenges, and climate change is one of those challenges. Various factors are influencing climate change, and the adverse effects of many human activities are leading to climate change. The production of waste and waste management efficiency are important aspects in terms of climate change and sustainability. Waste is understood in many ways; the common forms of waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, gas, or other forms. The process of waste management involves all stages of waste treatment and disposal, from its production stage to the final stage, involving its ongoing monitoring and introduction and implementation of waste management policies. This research study focused on different aspects including an overall understanding of waste, waste management, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, association among waste management and SDGs, understanding the waste indicators of SDGs, assessing the national achievements of waste-related SDG goals in Italy and Canada and measuring the waste management efficiency in Emilia Romagna, a region of North Italy. The study used different methods and tools for each aspect. It has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter focuses on the background of the research, an understanding of different terms, the objectives of the study, and an overview of the methodologies. The second chapter applies a systematic literature review to study a possible number of studies aimed at understanding waste management, exploring the waste indicators of SDGs, and emphasizing the associations between waste management and SDGs. The third chapter has assessed the national achievement of Italy in the achievement of waste management concerning SDG goals. This chapter has used the national dataset on SDGs and available data on socio-economic and geographic variables. This chapter applied descriptive statistics, person’s correlation, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), and Elastic Net Regression, emphasizing the relationship between the waste indicators of SDGs and social, economic, and geographical factors. The chapter resulted in a significant association between the outcomes of waste management indicators of SDGs and demographic variables. The fourth chapter discussed municipal solid waste management in Emilia Romagna, northern Italy, and considered environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The chapter used the dataset of ATERSIR (Emilia-Romagna Territorial Agency for Water and Waste Services). In this chapter, integrating data on various dimensions identified key patterns in waste management performance across municipalities. The use of composite indicators depicted a holistic view of municipal performance and provided further identification of high-performance and underperforming municipalities. The findings of this chapter show some municipalities have consistently good performance while others struggle across all dimensions, mainly when assessed by methods of non-compensatory aggregation. The impact of population density, service operators, and payment methods on waste management outcomes has also been found in this study. The last chapter focused on discussing the achievement of waste-related SDG Goals in Canada. The chapter applied the literature review and found a lack of uniform policies in the country focusing on waste management. It was found that there are various efforts taken by the country, but challenges still remain in achieving the SDG goals focusing on waste indicators of SDGs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: PhD Thesis-Meetha Ram
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