This thesis adopts an interdisciplinary approach to address conservation issues of Italian endemic species, combining evolutionary biology, genetics, and social sciences. The studied species are the Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and the Marsican brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus), both critically endangered. The specific topics addressed are: Chromosomal segregation patterns in the Adriatic sturgeon: An important species for trade, the Adriatic sturgeon is nearly extinct in the wild. By studying 14 microsatellite loci across 12 families, it was determined that the species predominantly exhibits tetrasomic segregation with some disomic markers, indicating a mixed inheritance pattern useful for managing genetic variability. Polyploidy and genome size in the Adriatic sturgeon: Genomic analyses using GenomeScope, Smudgetplot, and nQuire confirmed that the genome is predominantly tetraploid with a haploid genome size of ~1.6 Gb. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on genome assembly and population genetics. Genetic load in tetraploid and diploid populations: Forward simulations were used to analyse the accumulation of deleterious mutations in tetraploid versus diploid populations. Results show that tetraploid populations accumulate a higher genetic load compared to diploid populations. Genetic rescue in the Marsican brown bear: Forward simulations were used to evaluate genetic rescue interventions for the Marsican bear population. Introducing five bears with low levels of deleterious mutations increased fitness by 20% but reduced ancestry by 22.4% over 30 generations. It is concluded that genetic rescue is not immediately necessary. Communicating conservation genetics: To raise public awareness, outreach materials and an educational program were implemented in three middle schools in the Abruzzo National Park. Educational and dissemination activities improved public awareness, highlighting the role of genetics in conservation.
Questa tesi utilizza un approccio interdisciplinare per affrontare problematiche di conservazione di specie endemiche italiane, unendo biologia evolutiva, genetica e scienze sociali. Le specie studiate sono lo storione adriatico (Acipenser naccarii) e l’orso bruno marsicano (Ursus arctos marsicanus), entrambe in pericolo critico di estinzione. Le tematiche specifiche trattate sono: Modelli di segregazione cromosomica nello storione adriatico: Specie importante per il commercio, lo storione adriatico è quasi estinto in natura. Studiando 14 loci microsatelliti in 12 famiglie, si è determinato che presenta un modello di segregazione prevalentemente tetrasomica con alcuni marcatori disomici, mostrando un'eredità mista utile per gestire la variabilità genetica. Poliploidia e dimensione del genoma dello storione adriatico: Analisi genomiche tramite GenomeScope, Smudgetplot e nQuire hanno confermato che il genoma è principalmente tetraploide con una dimensione aploide di ~1.6 Gb. Questi risultati costituiscono una base per studi futuri sul genoma e la genetica di popolazione. Carico genetico nelle popolazioni tetraploidi e diploidi: Attraverso simulazioni forward si è analizzato l'accumulo di mutazioni deleterie nelle popolazioni tetraploidi rispetto alle diploidi. I risultati mostrano che le popolazioni tetraploidi accumulano un maggiore carico genetico rispetto ai diploidi. Salvataggio genetico nell'orso bruno marsicano: Attraverso simulazioni forward sono stati valutati interventi di salvataggio genetico nella popolazione di orso marsicano. L’introduzione di cinque orsi con bassi livelli di mutazioni deleterie aumenta la fitness del 20%, ma riduce l'ancestry del 22.4% in 30 generazioni. Si conclude che per il momento non è necessario un salvataggio genetico. Comunicazione della genetica della conservazione: Per sensibilizzare il pubblico, sono stati realizzati materiali divulgativi e un programma educativo in tre scuole medie nel Parco Nazionale d’Abruzzo. Le attività didattiche e di disseminazione hanno migliorato la consapevolezza del pubblico, evidenziando il ruolo della genetica nella conservazione.
Conservation genetics: between bioinformatics and dissemination
MUñOZ MORA, VICTOR HUGO
2025
Abstract
This thesis adopts an interdisciplinary approach to address conservation issues of Italian endemic species, combining evolutionary biology, genetics, and social sciences. The studied species are the Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and the Marsican brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus), both critically endangered. The specific topics addressed are: Chromosomal segregation patterns in the Adriatic sturgeon: An important species for trade, the Adriatic sturgeon is nearly extinct in the wild. By studying 14 microsatellite loci across 12 families, it was determined that the species predominantly exhibits tetrasomic segregation with some disomic markers, indicating a mixed inheritance pattern useful for managing genetic variability. Polyploidy and genome size in the Adriatic sturgeon: Genomic analyses using GenomeScope, Smudgetplot, and nQuire confirmed that the genome is predominantly tetraploid with a haploid genome size of ~1.6 Gb. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on genome assembly and population genetics. Genetic load in tetraploid and diploid populations: Forward simulations were used to analyse the accumulation of deleterious mutations in tetraploid versus diploid populations. Results show that tetraploid populations accumulate a higher genetic load compared to diploid populations. Genetic rescue in the Marsican brown bear: Forward simulations were used to evaluate genetic rescue interventions for the Marsican bear population. Introducing five bears with low levels of deleterious mutations increased fitness by 20% but reduced ancestry by 22.4% over 30 generations. It is concluded that genetic rescue is not immediately necessary. Communicating conservation genetics: To raise public awareness, outreach materials and an educational program were implemented in three middle schools in the Abruzzo National Park. Educational and dissemination activities improved public awareness, highlighting the role of genetics in conservation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Munoz_Mora_PhD_Thesis_pdfa.pdf
embargo fino al 05/02/2026
Descrizione: Muñoz Mora PhD thesis Conservation genetics: between bioinformatics and dissemination
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza:
Creative commons
Dimensione
12.98 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
12.98 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in SFERA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


