Formal Model for Green Urbanism in Smart Cities

The paper deals with the formulation of the principles of Green Urbanism in a smart city. According to some scholars, the main values provided by a smart city are sustainability, quality of life, equity, viability, and resilience. Most of these values have the green dimension as a foundation element. Measuring this green dimension can be fundamental to evaluating a smart city’s effectiveness in terms of provided values. The research question is how to define the green dimension in a smart city formally and in a measurable way. Expected results are an improvement of the formal definition of Green Urbanism in the smart city context and, in general, of Green aspects of any built space. Another important result is the first theoretical core to plan and evaluate progress in the development of the Green dimension in a smart city. In this sense, the research results can be considered the starting point to develop a descriptive theory of Green Urbanism. The methodological approach starts by exploring the main business models, in a wider sense, applicable to a smart city, identifying the stakeholders and a framework to define, measure and develop the green dimension of a smart city. KPIs and concepts to be measured are derived from worldwide used standards. A peculiarity of the research is the use of a software engineering standard as a language and an approach to describe such a Green dimension. The standard is an Object Management Group official standard, Essence 1.2, the first formal descriptive theory in software engineering, and it has been applied and customised during the research to enhance the ability to implement, through the software and hardware elements of a smart city continuously keeping into account the Green requirements.