Abdominal adhesions (AA) are widely recognized as one of the most common causes of complications after surgery mainly including bowel obstruction [1], female infertility and chronic pain [2]. The incidence of AA ranges from 37% to 90% of the global surgical interventions and despite pathophysiology have been widely investigated, effective preventive interventions or recognition of predisposing factors are still missing. After surgery, a complex sequence of reactions involving soluble mediators (e.g. inflammatory cytokines/growth factors) and different cell subsets including neutrophils, macrophages as well as fibroblasts and resident mesenchymal stem cells take place during normal peritoneal repair. Any unbalance or disturbance in inflammatory and cell-migration processes, in the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems or alterations in matrix deposition and remodeling phases, may lead to AA formation [3]. FXIII stays at the intersection of coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation and infection control, all key steps that, when unbalanced, are responsible for abnormal wound-healing that is crucial for AA formation [4]. The aim of this study is to identify the predisposing factors for the formation of tenacious adhesions and to evaluate the possibilities of preventing this phenomenon through a genetic approach. We therefore explored the role of coagulation factor XIII (F13A1 and F13B subunits) in patients following laparotomy (LAP). Globally, 426 patients (54%,♀) were PCR-SNP-genotyped for FXIIIA V34L (rs5985), FXIIIA P564L (rs5982), FXIIIA Y204F (rs3024477) and FXIIIB H95R (rs6003). Patients’ clinical phenotypes were: Group A (n = 212) included patients with AA. Among these, 117 developed AA within 10 years after the first LAP diagnosed in acute because of bowel obstruction complications (subgroup-A1) and 95 had uncomplicated AA occasionally detected during a second LAP performed in elective surgery (subgroup-A2). Group B (n = 214) included 114 patients without AA confirmed during a second LAP (subgroup-B1) and 100 patients who did not have symptoms of abdominal pain and colic and/or digestive disorders following the first abdominal procedure (subgroup-B2). Among the different laparotomies, colon surgery was associated with the development of AA to a greater extent (OR = 5.1; 3.24-7.8; P < 0.0001) with different gender scores (♀OR = 5.33; 2.32-12.23; P < 0.0001 and ♂OR = 3.44; 1.58-7.49; P < 0.0001). Among the SNPs, P564L (OR = 4.42; 1.45-13.4; P = 0.008) and Y204F (OR = 7.78; 1.62-37.3; P = 0.01) significantly predicted intestinal obstruction and survival analyses produced interesting gender distinctions (♀HR = 5.28; 2.36-11.8; P = 0.00005; ♂HR = 2.22; 1.31-3.85; P = 0.0034). Comparing the extreme phenotypes (i.e. A1 vs B1), the presence of any SNPs in the FXIII genes significantly influenced EFS, yielding HR of approximately 2.5-fold at 10-year follow-up (P = 0.00004). This was particularly evident for the most common variants V34L and P564L . In detail, FXIIIA V34L and P564L achieved the highest HR of up to 2.7-fold and 2 fold respectively, at 10-year follow-up, provided higher risk scores. The use of molecular markers predicting risk and progression of a disease is a practical and handily tool, successfully translated in the clinical practice at affordable cost with advantageous cost/benefit ratio. The recognition of predictive inherited predispositions or biomarkers useful in scoring in advance at risk patients could avoid waste of money by targeting AA-barriers positioning in selected high-risk patients. To optimize the clinical exploiting of this approach, the development of dedicated-customized SNPs-micro-arrays could further reduce the costs and open the way for feasible and cost-effective precision medicine procedures.

Le aderenze addominali (AA) rappresentano una risposta comune dell’ organismo ad un intervento chirurgico addominale, laparoscopico o laparotomico. Le aderenze nella chirurgia dell'addome posso portare a diverse complicanze che vanno dal dolore addominale occasionale o persistente a quadri di subocclusione o occlusione intestinale e nella donna, all’infertilità. Si stima che le aderenze post-operatorie siano causa di occlusioni intestinali nel 65-75% e di dolore pelvico cronico in circa il 40% dei casi. E’ un problema rilevante per il quale attualmente non si dispone di biomarcatori predittivi efficaci. E’ ampiamente dimostrato che dopo un intervento chirurgico, il peritoneo lesionato avvia una complessa serie di processi volti a riparare e sostituire la lesione con tessuto cicatriziale per ripristinare le normali caratteristiche fisiologiche e meccaniche. Qualsiasi squilibrio o disturbo nei processi infiammatori e di migrazione cellulare, nei fattori della coagulazione, nel sistema di fibrinolisi, o le alterazioni nelle fasi di deposizione e rimodellamento della matrice, portano alla formazione di AA. Il fattore XIII ha un ruolo cardine nella coagulazione, nella fibrinolisi, nell’ infiammazione e nella risposta immunitaria innata, tutti passaggi chiave che, se sbilanciati, sono responsabili della guarigione anomala delle ferite, cruciale per la formazione di AA [4]. L'obiettivo di questo studio è identificare i fattori predisponenti alla formazione di aderenze tenaci, attraverso un'analisi fisiopatologica, e valutare le possibilità di prevenire questo fenomeno attraverso l'approccio genetico. Abbiamo quindi esplorato il ruolo del fattore XIII della coagulazione (F13A1 e F13B subunità) in pazienti sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico addominale. Quattrocentoventisei pazienti (54%,♀), sono stati genotipizzati mediante PCR e valutati i polimorfismi del FXIII: FXIIIA V34L (rs5985), FXIIIA P564L (rs5982), FXIIIA Y204F (rs3024477) e FXIIIB H95R (rs6003). I fenotipi clinici dei pazienti erano: Gruppo A (n = 212), pazienti sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico nei 10 anni precedenti che hanno sviluppato AA riscontrate durante una seconda laparotomia/laparoscopia. Tra questi, il 55,2% si presentava con un'occlusione intestinale da sindrome aderenziale (sottogruppo A1), i restanti (sottogruppo A2) con aderenze non sintomatiche; Il gruppo B (n = 214) era costituito da coloro che, nonostante un pregresso intervento chirurgico, non avevano sviluppato AA verificate durante una seconda laparotomia(sottogruppo B1; 53,3%) o sintomi/complicanze (sottogruppo B2). Tra le diverse laparotomie, la chirurgia del colon è associata allo sviluppo di AA in misura maggiore (OR = 5,1; 3,24–7,8; P < 0,0001) con diversi punteggi di genere (♀OR = 5,33; 2,32–12,23; P < 0,0001 e ♂OR = 3,44; 1,58–7,49; P <0,0001). Tra gli SNP, P564L (OR = 4,42; 1,45–13,4; P = 0,008) e Y204F (OR = 7,78; 1,62–37,3; P = 0,01) hanno predetto significativamente l'ostruzione intestinale e le analisi di sopravvivenza hanno prodotto interessanti distinzioni di genere (♀HR = 5,28; 2,36–11,8; P = 0,00005; ♂HR = 2,22; 1,31–3,85; P = 0,0034). La presenza di qualsiasi SNPs nei geni del FXIII ha influenzato significativamente l'EFS, producendo HR di circa 2,5 volte a 10 anni di follow-up (P = 0,00004). In dettaglio, nel confronto tra i fenotipi estremi (cioè A1 vs B1), FXIIIA V34L e P564L hanno raggiunto l'HR più alto, rispettivamente 2,7 e 2 volte a 10 anni di follow up. Abbiamo quindi identificato marcatori molecolari che posso predire il rischio di sviluppare le AA e la progressione all’ occlusione intestinale. Questo è uno strumento pratico e maneggevole, che nella pratica clinica avrebbe un costo accessibile con un vantaggioso rapporto costo/beneficio.

Aderenze addominali post–operatorie e predisposizione genetica in F13A1 e F13B: indicatori prognostici di genere e follow-up a 10 anni

SIBILLA, MARIA GRAZIA
2024

Abstract

Abdominal adhesions (AA) are widely recognized as one of the most common causes of complications after surgery mainly including bowel obstruction [1], female infertility and chronic pain [2]. The incidence of AA ranges from 37% to 90% of the global surgical interventions and despite pathophysiology have been widely investigated, effective preventive interventions or recognition of predisposing factors are still missing. After surgery, a complex sequence of reactions involving soluble mediators (e.g. inflammatory cytokines/growth factors) and different cell subsets including neutrophils, macrophages as well as fibroblasts and resident mesenchymal stem cells take place during normal peritoneal repair. Any unbalance or disturbance in inflammatory and cell-migration processes, in the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems or alterations in matrix deposition and remodeling phases, may lead to AA formation [3]. FXIII stays at the intersection of coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation and infection control, all key steps that, when unbalanced, are responsible for abnormal wound-healing that is crucial for AA formation [4]. The aim of this study is to identify the predisposing factors for the formation of tenacious adhesions and to evaluate the possibilities of preventing this phenomenon through a genetic approach. We therefore explored the role of coagulation factor XIII (F13A1 and F13B subunits) in patients following laparotomy (LAP). Globally, 426 patients (54%,♀) were PCR-SNP-genotyped for FXIIIA V34L (rs5985), FXIIIA P564L (rs5982), FXIIIA Y204F (rs3024477) and FXIIIB H95R (rs6003). Patients’ clinical phenotypes were: Group A (n = 212) included patients with AA. Among these, 117 developed AA within 10 years after the first LAP diagnosed in acute because of bowel obstruction complications (subgroup-A1) and 95 had uncomplicated AA occasionally detected during a second LAP performed in elective surgery (subgroup-A2). Group B (n = 214) included 114 patients without AA confirmed during a second LAP (subgroup-B1) and 100 patients who did not have symptoms of abdominal pain and colic and/or digestive disorders following the first abdominal procedure (subgroup-B2). Among the different laparotomies, colon surgery was associated with the development of AA to a greater extent (OR = 5.1; 3.24-7.8; P < 0.0001) with different gender scores (♀OR = 5.33; 2.32-12.23; P < 0.0001 and ♂OR = 3.44; 1.58-7.49; P < 0.0001). Among the SNPs, P564L (OR = 4.42; 1.45-13.4; P = 0.008) and Y204F (OR = 7.78; 1.62-37.3; P = 0.01) significantly predicted intestinal obstruction and survival analyses produced interesting gender distinctions (♀HR = 5.28; 2.36-11.8; P = 0.00005; ♂HR = 2.22; 1.31-3.85; P = 0.0034). Comparing the extreme phenotypes (i.e. A1 vs B1), the presence of any SNPs in the FXIII genes significantly influenced EFS, yielding HR of approximately 2.5-fold at 10-year follow-up (P = 0.00004). This was particularly evident for the most common variants V34L and P564L . In detail, FXIIIA V34L and P564L achieved the highest HR of up to 2.7-fold and 2 fold respectively, at 10-year follow-up, provided higher risk scores. The use of molecular markers predicting risk and progression of a disease is a practical and handily tool, successfully translated in the clinical practice at affordable cost with advantageous cost/benefit ratio. The recognition of predictive inherited predispositions or biomarkers useful in scoring in advance at risk patients could avoid waste of money by targeting AA-barriers positioning in selected high-risk patients. To optimize the clinical exploiting of this approach, the development of dedicated-customized SNPs-micro-arrays could further reduce the costs and open the way for feasible and cost-effective precision medicine procedures.
CARCOFORO, Paolo
PINTON, Paolo
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2542918
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