The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to investigate the topic of the verification of powers in the European Parliament. Chapter I examines the models of verification of credentials offered by the comparative landscape. To this end, five systems are considered: England, France, Germany, Spain and the United States. Except for the latter case, an attempt has been made to follow a chronological order, starting with the oldest system and arriving at the most recent one. In particular, two elements are considered in the analysis: the verification of powers carried out in the upper chamber – where present – and the overall degree of protection of the subjective legal positions of candidates and elected officials. The choice of these profiles is justified for two reasons. Starting with the first, the scrutiny of the credentials of those elected in the chambers representing territorial autonomies provides an interesting point of comparison with the European Parliament, whose members – as is well known – are elected in the individual member states according to an only partially uniform electoral system. On the other hand, the examination of the degree of protection of the fundamental rights of elected members is related with second part of Chapter I, devoted to the Italian legal system and, in more detail, to the relations between the parliamentary, administrative and civil jurisdictions. Particular attention had been paid to domestic constitutional jurisprudence, whose relevance on the topic of electoral litigation has increased considerably over the years, as evidenced, most recently, by Judgment No. 48/2021 of the Italian Constitutional Court. Chapter II aims to reconstruct the legal framework for the verification of credentials, analyzing the discipline dictated by the founding treaties and the 1976 Act. The second part of the Chapter concentrates on the analysis of individual national regulations, examining four aspects: the bodies responsible for the proclamation of election results and, if necessary, their communication to the European Parliament, with particular reference to the possible assessment at the national level of the existence of grounds for incandidability or incompatibility; the nature of those bodies – with particular reference to their politicalness – and, finally, the system of remedies that can be brought against the proclamation of elected officials and, more generally, for challenging flaws in the electoral process. In light of the results obtained, it will be possible to classify the different jurisdictions into the patterns of verification of powers outlined in the previous Chapter. The last part of Chapter II focuses on the EDU Court's jurisprudence on the protection of the right to vote, including the recent Mugemangango v. Belgium case and its impact on the parliamentary model of verification of powers. Chapter III examines in chronological order the most relevant cases of electoral litigation for the European Parliament, both from the point of view of parliamentary practice and jurisprudence. The examination addresses the cases of Le Pen v. European Parliament and Donnici v. Occhetto, and then deals with the recent events concerning the Catalan independence MEPs, from which Judgments Nos. C-502/19 and C-646/19 originated. The last event to which space is devoted in the discussion is the disqualification of British MEPs and its impact on election results in the Italian legal system. Chapter IV deals with the evolution of the electoral legislation of the European Parliament, with a view to the adoption of a uniform electoral procedure or, reasoning in the short term, of a transnational electoral constituency, observing this affair from the point of view of the protection of the subjective legal positions of candidates and elected members, with particular reference to the possible identification of the competent body in matters of electoral litigation.

La presente tesi di dottorato si prefigge lo scopo di indagare il tema della verifica dei poteri nel Parlamento europeo. Il Capitolo I è dedicato ad una disamina dei modelli di verifica dei poteri offerti dal panorama comparato. A tal fine, vengono presi in considerazione cinque ordinamenti: Inghilterra, Francia, Germania, Spagna e Stati Uniti. In particolare, due sono gli elementi al centro dell’analisi: la verifica dei poteri svolta nella seconda Camera – laddove presente – e il grado di tutela complessiva delle posizioni giuridiche soggettive di candidati ed eletti. La scelta di tali profili si giustifica per due motivi. Partendo dal primo, il controllo sulle credenziali degli eletti nelle Camere rappresentative delle autonomie territoriali costituisce uno spunto di comparazione interessante con il Parlamento europeo, i cui membri – come noto – sono eletti nei singoli Stati membri secondo un sistema elettorale solo in parte uniforme. D’altro canto, l’esame del grado di tutela dei diritti fondamentali degli eletti è funzionale al collegamento con la seconda parte del Capitolo I, dedicata all’ordinamento italiano e, più dettagliatamente, ai rapporti tra le giurisdizioni parlamentare, amministrativa e civile. Particolare attenzione verrà riservata alla giurisprudenza costituzionale domestica, la cui rilevanza sul tema del contenzioso elettorale è aumentata negli anni in misura considerevole, come testimonia, da ultimo, la sent. n. 48/2021. Il Capitolo II mira a ricostruire il quadro normativo in materia di verifica dei poteri, analizzando la disciplina dettata dai Trattati istitutivi e dall’Atto del 1976. La seconda parte del Capitolo si concentra sull’analisi delle singole normative nazionali, prendendo in esame quattro aspetti: gli organi che si occupano della proclamazione dei risultati elettorali ed, eventualmente, della loro comunicazione al Parlamento europeo, con particolare riferimento alla possibile valutazione a livello nazionale della sussistenza di cause di incandidabilità o incompatibilità; la natura degli stessi – con particolare riferimento alla loro politicità – e, infine, il sistema dei rimedi esperibili contro la proclamazione degli eletti e, più in generale, per l’impugnazione dei vizi del procedimento elettorale. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti, sarà possibile incasellare i diversi ordinamenti nei modelli di verifica dei poteri delineati nel Capitolo precedente. L’ultima parte del Capitolo II si concentra sulla giurisprudenza della Corte EDU in materia di tutela del diritto di elettorato passivo, anche alla luce della recentissima sentenza Mugemangango c. Belgio e del suo impatto sul modello parlamentare di verifica dei poteri. Nel Capitolo III vengono esaminati in ordine cronologico i casi più rilevanti di contenzioso elettorale per il Parlamento europeo, sia dal punto di vista della prassi che della giurisprudenza. La disamina affronta i casi Le Pen v. Parlamento europeo e Donnici v. Occhetto, per occuparsi poi delle recenti vicende riguardanti gli eurodeputati indipendentisti catalani. L’ultima vicenda cui è dedicato spazio nella trattazione è rappresentata dalla decadenza degli eurodeputati britannici. Il Capitolo IV ha ad oggetto l’evoluzione della normativa elettorale del Parlamento europeo, nella prospettiva dell’adozione di una procedura elettorale uniforme o, ragionando in un’ottica di breve termine, di una circoscrizione elettorale transnazionale, osservando tale vicenda dal punto di vista della tutela delle posizioni giuridiche soggettive di candidati ed eletti, con particolare riferimento alla possibile individuazione dell’organo competente in materia di contenzioso elettorale.

LA VERIFICA DEI POTERI DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO Dalle normative elettorali nazionali verso una disciplina elettorale uniforme

DI CHIARA, ALBERTO
2022

Abstract

The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to investigate the topic of the verification of powers in the European Parliament. Chapter I examines the models of verification of credentials offered by the comparative landscape. To this end, five systems are considered: England, France, Germany, Spain and the United States. Except for the latter case, an attempt has been made to follow a chronological order, starting with the oldest system and arriving at the most recent one. In particular, two elements are considered in the analysis: the verification of powers carried out in the upper chamber – where present – and the overall degree of protection of the subjective legal positions of candidates and elected officials. The choice of these profiles is justified for two reasons. Starting with the first, the scrutiny of the credentials of those elected in the chambers representing territorial autonomies provides an interesting point of comparison with the European Parliament, whose members – as is well known – are elected in the individual member states according to an only partially uniform electoral system. On the other hand, the examination of the degree of protection of the fundamental rights of elected members is related with second part of Chapter I, devoted to the Italian legal system and, in more detail, to the relations between the parliamentary, administrative and civil jurisdictions. Particular attention had been paid to domestic constitutional jurisprudence, whose relevance on the topic of electoral litigation has increased considerably over the years, as evidenced, most recently, by Judgment No. 48/2021 of the Italian Constitutional Court. Chapter II aims to reconstruct the legal framework for the verification of credentials, analyzing the discipline dictated by the founding treaties and the 1976 Act. The second part of the Chapter concentrates on the analysis of individual national regulations, examining four aspects: the bodies responsible for the proclamation of election results and, if necessary, their communication to the European Parliament, with particular reference to the possible assessment at the national level of the existence of grounds for incandidability or incompatibility; the nature of those bodies – with particular reference to their politicalness – and, finally, the system of remedies that can be brought against the proclamation of elected officials and, more generally, for challenging flaws in the electoral process. In light of the results obtained, it will be possible to classify the different jurisdictions into the patterns of verification of powers outlined in the previous Chapter. The last part of Chapter II focuses on the EDU Court's jurisprudence on the protection of the right to vote, including the recent Mugemangango v. Belgium case and its impact on the parliamentary model of verification of powers. Chapter III examines in chronological order the most relevant cases of electoral litigation for the European Parliament, both from the point of view of parliamentary practice and jurisprudence. The examination addresses the cases of Le Pen v. European Parliament and Donnici v. Occhetto, and then deals with the recent events concerning the Catalan independence MEPs, from which Judgments Nos. C-502/19 and C-646/19 originated. The last event to which space is devoted in the discussion is the disqualification of British MEPs and its impact on election results in the Italian legal system. Chapter IV deals with the evolution of the electoral legislation of the European Parliament, with a view to the adoption of a uniform electoral procedure or, reasoning in the short term, of a transnational electoral constituency, observing this affair from the point of view of the protection of the subjective legal positions of candidates and elected members, with particular reference to the possible identification of the competent body in matters of electoral litigation.
MAGRI, Marco
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2489862
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