Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Poor prognosis is related to delayed diagnosis and mostly ineffective therapeutic strategies. In this study we analysed the anti-tumoral potential of miR-199a-3p mimic molecules, since miR-199a-3p is downregulated virtually in all HCCs if compared with normal liver tissues. To test miR-199a-3p potential effects, we exploited the transgenic mouse model TG221, which is prone to HCC development, using two different experimental conditions: (1) anti-tumoral effect was tested against DEN-induced advanced tumors; (2) HCC prevention was studied in mice exposed to the hepatotoxin CCl4. Moreover, by CCl4 treatment, the TG221 mouse could recapitulate the different phases of chronic liver disease progression to HCC (fibrosis -> cirrhosis -> dysplastic nodules -> HCC), essential condition to perform our analysis about the second point of this study. We demonstrated that miR-199a-3p could exert an anti-tumoral activity against advanced HCC, by inhibiting tumor growth in a way comparable to that obtained with Sorafenib in TG221-DEN model. In TG221 CCl4-treated mice, we showed a reduction in liver tumor number and dimension for mice that received miR-199a-3p mimic as preventive care and, additionally, none of these nodules had malignant features. In both the experimental protocols, miR-199a-3p increase led to the downregulation of its direct targets MTOR and PAK4, proteins involved in several pathways that promote cellular proliferation and survival. These in vivo results were confirmed by in vitro assays. We demonstrated that restoration of miR-199a-3p in HCC cell lines elicited a significative pro-apoptotic effect by reducing MTOR and PAK4 protein levels. In conclusion, our study illustrates miR-199a-3p therapeutic potential in vivo, both as an anti-tumoral therapy against advanced HCC and as a prophylaxis agent in pre-cancerous conditions, suggesting that miR-199a-3p mimics might be exploited as therapeutic molecules in all the different phases of HCC.
L’epatocarcinoma cellulare (HCC) è la seconda causa di morte per cancro al mondo. La prognosi sfavorevole è legata a diagnosi spesso tardive ed a strumenti terapeutici in gran parte inefficaci negli stadi avanzati. Negli studi presentati in questa tesi abbiamo saggiato gli effetti anti-tumorali di molecole analoghe al miR-199a-3p, un microRNA (miRNA) sotto-espresso nella maggior parte dei casi di HCC rispetto al tessuto epatico circostante la neoplasia. Lo studio è stato svolto impiegando il modello murino TG221, un topo transgenico predisposto allo sviluppo di tumori epatici, usando due diverse condizioni sperimentali: (1) terapia anti-tumorale contro tumori “avanzati” indotti tramite il carcinogeno DEN; (2) prevenzione di comparsa di lesioni maligne in topi esposti all’epatotossina CCl4. Per lo svolgimento delle analisi sul secondo aspetto, abbiamo dimostrato in questo studio che il trattamento con CCl4 del topo TG221 è in grado di riprodurre le diverse fasi (fibrosi -> cirrosi -> noduli displastici -> HCC) della storia naturale del HCC. Nella condizione di HCC “avanzato”, abbiamo dimostrato che il miR-199-3p riduce significativamente la crescita degli HCC, in maniera analoga a Sorafenib usato nello stesso modello. Nella condizione sperimentale di impiego del miR-199a-3p in topi esposti a CCl4, abbiamo dimostrato che i tumori comparsi in corso di terapia miRNA profilattica erano ridotti in numero e dimensione e soprattutto privi di caratteristiche di malignità. In entrambe le condizioni, abbiamo determinato che il miR-199-3p induce un abbassamento dei suoi target diretti MTOR e PAK4, proteine coinvolte in molteplici vie che favoriscono la proliferazione e sopravvivenza cellulare. Esperimenti in vitro, hanno confermato che il ripristino del miR-199a-3p in linee cellulari di HCC induce un significativo effetto pro-apoptotico, agendo anche in questo caso su MTOR e PAK4. In sintesi, il nostro studio ha dimostrato il potenziale terapeutico del miR-199a-3p in vivo, sia come agente anti-tumorale in HCC avanzato, sia come agente di profilassi. Ciò suggerisce che analoghi di tale miRNA potrebbero rappresentare molecole utili in terapie anti HCC in diverse fasi della sua storia naturale.
Studio del potenziale terapeutico del miR-199a-3p come agente di profilassi e anti-tumorale in modelli pre-clinici di epatocarcinoma
GUERRIERO, Paola
2019
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Poor prognosis is related to delayed diagnosis and mostly ineffective therapeutic strategies. In this study we analysed the anti-tumoral potential of miR-199a-3p mimic molecules, since miR-199a-3p is downregulated virtually in all HCCs if compared with normal liver tissues. To test miR-199a-3p potential effects, we exploited the transgenic mouse model TG221, which is prone to HCC development, using two different experimental conditions: (1) anti-tumoral effect was tested against DEN-induced advanced tumors; (2) HCC prevention was studied in mice exposed to the hepatotoxin CCl4. Moreover, by CCl4 treatment, the TG221 mouse could recapitulate the different phases of chronic liver disease progression to HCC (fibrosis -> cirrhosis -> dysplastic nodules -> HCC), essential condition to perform our analysis about the second point of this study. We demonstrated that miR-199a-3p could exert an anti-tumoral activity against advanced HCC, by inhibiting tumor growth in a way comparable to that obtained with Sorafenib in TG221-DEN model. In TG221 CCl4-treated mice, we showed a reduction in liver tumor number and dimension for mice that received miR-199a-3p mimic as preventive care and, additionally, none of these nodules had malignant features. In both the experimental protocols, miR-199a-3p increase led to the downregulation of its direct targets MTOR and PAK4, proteins involved in several pathways that promote cellular proliferation and survival. These in vivo results were confirmed by in vitro assays. We demonstrated that restoration of miR-199a-3p in HCC cell lines elicited a significative pro-apoptotic effect by reducing MTOR and PAK4 protein levels. In conclusion, our study illustrates miR-199a-3p therapeutic potential in vivo, both as an anti-tumoral therapy against advanced HCC and as a prophylaxis agent in pre-cancerous conditions, suggesting that miR-199a-3p mimics might be exploited as therapeutic molecules in all the different phases of HCC.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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