This article describes the work that has been conducted for years in the education science courses at Sapienza University of Rome for the evaluation of curricular internships in their different phases, with more or less structured instruments and with the aim of monitoring and improving the system. In order to earn credit at the end of the internship experience, students are required to present a report on the activity in which they evaluate the experience as to its learning outcomes in terms of knowledge, technical and soft skills, behaviors and attitudes. The internship reports written over the years have shown the difficulty for most students to go beyond description and reflect on their experience, to take a distance from events, to question their and other people’s actions and to use analytical skills and critical thinking. We then tried different strategies to help students improve the reflective skills useful with scientific method in educational roles. Over time, in order to help students in their reflection on their experience, we’ve changed the guidelines for the internship report, we’ve administered individual interviews with students starting from some input questions and finally, the topic of this article, we’ve formed groups of reflection on the internship experience. During the focus groups, which last approximately two hours, students who have almost finished their internships are asked to reflect together on their lived experience. The sequence of inputs proposed for reflection is based on a progressive enlargement of the viewpoint, from a presentation of the context to a reflection on experience and on one’s ways of acting and thinking. In our experience, the discussion among peers and the narration of practices have proved to be valid formative resources. At the end of the focus group, many students are able to go beyond descriptive writing to reflecting on their experience. This way, their ability to integrate theory and practice, one of the main goals of curricular internship, improves.
Il contributo riguarda il lavoro che da anni si conduce nei corsi di laurea pedagogici della Sapienza relativamente alla valutazione del tirocinio curriculare nelle sue diverse fasi, attraverso strumenti di natura più o meno strutturata, con l’obiettivo di monitorare e migliorare il sistema. Per il riconoscimento dei crediti formativi al termine dell’esperienza di tirocinio è richiesto agli studenti di presentare una relazione sull’attività svolta in cui effettuare una valutazione dell’esperienza considerando quanto si è appreso in termini di conoscenze, competenze trasversali (soft skills) e tecniche, comportamenti e motivazioni. Le relazioni di tirocinio prodotte nel corso degli anni hanno evidenziato l’enorme difficoltà di gran parte degli studenti nell’andare oltre la descrizione e nel riflettere sull’esperienza, prendendo una certa ‘distanza’ dagli eventi, mettendo in discussione le azioni proprie e altrui ed esercitando la capacità di analisi e di pensiero critico. Abbiamo perciò sperimentato diverse strategie didattiche per aiutare gli studenti a migliorare la competenza riflessiva necessaria per agire con metodo scientifico nelle professioni educative. Nel tempo, per aiutare gli studenti a riflettere sull’esperienza, abbiamo rivisto la consegna per la stesura della relazione di tirocinio in funzione della valutazione dell’esperienza, effettuato delle interviste individualizzate agli studenti a partire da alcune domande guida (Salerni-Zanazzi, 2018) e infine, oggetto di questo intervento, realizzato gruppi di riflessione sull’esperienza di tirocinio. Durante i focus group, della durata di circa due ore, agli studenti che sono in procinto di finire il tirocinio viene chiesto di riflettere insieme sul loro vissuto. La sequenza di stimoli proposti per la riflessione si fonda su una logica di progressivo ampliamento del punto di vista che, partendo da una presentazione del contesto, passa a una riflessione sulla propria esperienza e sui propri modi di agire e pensare. Nella nostra esperienza, il confronto tra pari e la narrazione delle pratiche si dimostrano essere valide risorse formative. Al termine dei focus group molti studenti sono in grado di andare oltre la produzione di un testo descrittivo, riflettendo sulla loro esperienza. Migliora così la loro capacità di integrare teoria e pratica, uno degli obiettivi principali del tirocinio curricolare.
Riflettere per analizzare e valutare un’esperienza formativa: il ruolo del confronto tra pari [Reflecting to anayze and evaluate a formative experience: the role of discussion among peers]
ZANAZZI S.Ultimo
2019
Abstract
This article describes the work that has been conducted for years in the education science courses at Sapienza University of Rome for the evaluation of curricular internships in their different phases, with more or less structured instruments and with the aim of monitoring and improving the system. In order to earn credit at the end of the internship experience, students are required to present a report on the activity in which they evaluate the experience as to its learning outcomes in terms of knowledge, technical and soft skills, behaviors and attitudes. The internship reports written over the years have shown the difficulty for most students to go beyond description and reflect on their experience, to take a distance from events, to question their and other people’s actions and to use analytical skills and critical thinking. We then tried different strategies to help students improve the reflective skills useful with scientific method in educational roles. Over time, in order to help students in their reflection on their experience, we’ve changed the guidelines for the internship report, we’ve administered individual interviews with students starting from some input questions and finally, the topic of this article, we’ve formed groups of reflection on the internship experience. During the focus groups, which last approximately two hours, students who have almost finished their internships are asked to reflect together on their lived experience. The sequence of inputs proposed for reflection is based on a progressive enlargement of the viewpoint, from a presentation of the context to a reflection on experience and on one’s ways of acting and thinking. In our experience, the discussion among peers and the narration of practices have proved to be valid formative resources. At the end of the focus group, many students are able to go beyond descriptive writing to reflecting on their experience. This way, their ability to integrate theory and practice, one of the main goals of curricular internship, improves.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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