GESTIONE INTEGRATA DELLE ZONE COSTIERE Strategie e metodi per la definizione di nuovi “equilibri territoriali” nelle aree di costa

The progressive urbanization development of coastal areas is included into the wide phenomenon of sprawl, which, in last decades has radically changed the overall urbanization European structure. Reasons of this “coastal attack” are ascribables to many historical, cultural, social and economic features, determining the increasing occupation of coastal areas in accordance with unsustainable development models. In some cases in fact, mass tourism became as something that destroyed more then it built up, and today it is considered like a real heavy industry. Many economic interests (tourism, industry, agriculture, fishery, energy production) about coastal areas put politics and technicians to establish a great number of laws and specific tools able both to use these areas, both to preserve them. However, frequently, several initiatives were characterized by the absence of a real logic, appearing simply as a partial and restricted laws sequence. For these reasons United Nations first, and then European Union, since ’70 years, highlighted the importance of an Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM). The present work, within this institutional framework, suggests the definition of an integrated area management system, based on the cooperation and coordination of all the institutions and administrations, in order to set-up governance systems guaranteeing integration between politics, territorial activities and all features bonded more or less directly to coastal areas.