Varsavia: strategie metropolitane e politiche abitative. Periferie residenziali come risorsa per uno sviluppo urbano sostenibile.

The main objective of this research is to define trends of housing policy in Poland and Warsaw in particular, in relation to metropolitan strategies directed towards the concept of sustainability. The comparison between the country of the ex-bloc soviet and states of Western Europe is used to define the level of cohesion in the European sector of housing, of territorial management and to define the similarities and differences relating to issues that concern the new residential urbanization and management of the existing housing stock among the countries of East and West, in the context of European policies more uniform and effective. In addition, through an analysis of four documents (Agenda 21, Kyoto Protocol, Habitat Agenda, the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable Cities) concerning sustainable urban development and housing, which could be defined as the supranational level (macro), the study as aim to define their application at the local level (micro). The study of individual local cases took place for in order to understand the position of Poland in relation to trends and patterns of urban development and housing policies in Western Europe. The key to reading and translation of documents at the macro level take place through the establishment of three pillars: housing policies (social housing, energy conservation, urban renewal), the relationship between the public and private sectors (public-private partnerships, mixed enterprise companies, management of urban transformations, incentive to the local economy) and urban development strategies (government of the territory and the concept of sustainability). With these three lines were "scanned" both the local tools of urban planning and national legislation (this way take place the translation of documentation (macro) in the meso level. The background research is represented by the theories and practices of urban development, as well as by analysis of housing policies and concepts related to housing, which have developed in the modern Europe. These theories, even if often utopian, may explain some of the choices of urban development of today or make clear the difference of residential growth trends between the past and present. The garden cities (of tomorrow) of Howard and the working-class neighbourhoods of Bruno Taut, or general issues of inhabiting elaborated by the Modern Movement, which involved the whole of Europe in the early decades of the twentieth century, they are models that have guided the construction of residential neighbourhoods along the twentieth century. The application of the lecorbusian "high ideals" through the use of prefabrication after the Second World War is a very interesting aspect of the development of housing policies, which aimed above all to economization and speed in the implementation of operations under the pressure of migration and economic recovery after the war. It was essential also for research to analyze the social changes of life style, which have crossing Europe from XX century; starting from the Engels’s housing question and the opposing concepts of community and society elaborated by Ferdinand Tönnies in 1887, ending with reflections on the “corrosion of character” of the flexible man of Richard Sennett and with the importance of the community of Zygmunt Bauman (2001). In this context, for the research it was fundamentally focus the attention on the dynamics of a European society that is changing, in which the problems of housing and construction in the suburbs represent a fundamental policy today. Suburbs, which contain a combination of past trends and ideas for the future, by which we measure ourselves today.Ascolta